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Cell Biology > Development I-Lecture 9/20/21 > Flashcards

Development I-Lecture 9/20/21 Flashcards

1
Q

Embryonic period

A

First 8 weeks of gestation

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2
Q

Fetal period

A

The remainder of the gestation period after 8 weeks

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3
Q

Gametes

A

Specialized germ cells from the male and the female, haploid in chromosome number

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4
Q

End of female gametogenesis

A

Fertilization

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5
Q

Meiosis

A

To consecutive cell divisions with one round of DNA replication, leading to haploid cells

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6
Q

Relative size of male and female gametes

A

Ovum can be 100s of times bigger

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7
Q

Acrosome

A

Modified Golgi body that contains enzymes necessary to penetrate zona pellucida

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8
Q

Mid-piece of tail

A

Contains all mitochondria necessary for energy production in the flagella

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9
Q

When are sperm produced

A

Puberty onward in males

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10
Q

HPO axis

A

Hypothalamus to pituatary to ovary axis

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11
Q

Hormone production by hypothalamus

A

GnRH, stimulates pituitary

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12
Q

Hormone production by pituitary

A

FSH and LH, stimulates the ovaries

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13
Q

Hormone production by the ovaries

A

Estrogen and progesterone, stimulates the uterus

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14
Q

GnRH mechanism of action

A

Stimulates the synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH

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15
Q

FSH mechanism of action

A

Stimulates ovarian follicle growth, differentiation and steroidogenesis

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16
Q

LH mechanism of action

A

Stimulates ovulation, corpus outrun formation and steroidogenesis

17
Q

Progestins source

A

Corpus luteum

18
Q

LH surge

A

A sharp increase in LH plasma levels that stimulates ovulation caused by increase in estrogen levels

19
Q

Primary follicle

A

Oocyte is arrested in prophase of meiosis I

20
Q

Secondary follicul

A

Stimulated by LH surge, arrested in metaphase of meiosis II

21
Q

Graafian follicle

A

The mature follicle that gets ovulated

22
Q

Ovulation

A

PGE2 stimulates muscle contraction of the thecal cells surrounding follicle, expelling the oocyte towards the Fallopian tube

23
Q

Zona palucida

A

Proteinacious zone surrounding oocytes

24
Q

Cumulus oophorus

A

Cells that attach the oocytes to the follicular cells

25
Q

Antrum

A

Follicular portion that is filled with nutrient rich fluids

26
Q

Follicular secretion

A

FSH stimulated 8-12 follicles to grow every month and secrete estrogen

27
Q

What determines the dominant follicle

A

Fastest growing follicle, has the most FSH receptors

28
Q

Degeneration of losing follicles

A

Degenerate via apoptosis

29
Q

Theca cells

A

The smooth muscle like cells that is triggered by PGE2

30
Q

Corona Radiata

A

The few layers of follicular cells that go with the egg after ovulation

31
Q

Down syndrome

A

Trisomy 21 caused by the non-disjunction

32
Q

Fertilization

A

Occurs in the ampulla of the Fallopian tube, cannot occur in the uterus

Cell Biology (12 decks)

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