Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

paeds > development + immunisations > Flashcards

development + immunisations Flashcards

1
Q

developmental screening questions

A

any concerns about:
way child is behaving/learning/developing
way child moves/uses limbs
how child talks + understands speech
how child is learning to do things for self
enjoy playing - how play?
ever stopped doing something could previously do?
get along with others?
hand dominance?

pregnancy - problems, infections, intoxication, prolonged/difficult labour, postnatal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

whats global developmental delay

A

sig delay in milestones in 2+ areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

causes of profound disability

A

chromosomal abnormalities
cerebral palsy
inborn errors of metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cerebral palsy - presentation

A 
hypertonia+reflexia/floppiness
delayed motor development
tiptoes/abnormal gait
hand preference at 6mo
floppy at birth
jerky, random, uncontrolled or clumsy movements
SALT, vision problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cerebral palsy - RFs

A

premature

low birth weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cerebral palsy - managing increased tone

A 
physio +- SALT
daily exercises + splints
baclofen
diazepam
botox
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

age: squeal, turn to sound

A

3mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

age: mama, dada

A

9mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

age: knows/responds to name

A

1y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

age: know 2-6 words

when to refer?

A

12-15mo

refer at 18mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

age: understand simple commands

A

12-15mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

age: combine 2 words

A

2y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

age: short sentences, what + who Qs

A

3y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

age: count to 10

A

3y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MMR: age

how feel after?

A

dose 1 - 12-15mo
dose 2 - 3-4y

malaise, fever, rash can occur 5-10d after dose 1 for 2-3d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the 6-1 vaccine?

A 
diphtheria
tetanus
whooping cough
polio
HiB
hep B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when is the 6-1 vaccine given?

A

8, 12, 16wk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cerebral palsy - explanation

A

group of conditions that can affect movement and coordination
‘very tense muscles’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CP - causes

A

infection in utero
bleed in brain
oxygen deprivation at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CP - types

A

spastic (70%) - contracted muscles eg tiptoes, SALT delay
ataxic - balance problems
dyskinesic (arm movements)
mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ADHD - symptoms

A

restlessness
poor conc
uncontrolled activity
impulsiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ADHD - mgmt

A

refer to specialist

methylphenidate (SEs - abdo pain, nausea, dyspepsia. monitor growth, BP/HR + psych 6-monthly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

autism - diagnostic criteria

A

global impairment of lang + comm
impaired social relationships
ritualistic + compulsive phenomena

also, most have decreased IQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the associated conditions with CP?

A 
learning difficulties (50%)
epilepsy (30%)
squints (30%)
hearing impairment (20%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
CP - causes
antenatal (80%) - cerebral malformation + congenital infection intrapartum (10%) - asphyxia/trauma postnatal (10%) - IVH, meningitis, head trauma
26
what checks are done on a child's health?
neonate - examination, hearing test 1st mo - heel prick d5-9 - hypothyroid, metabolic diseases, CF 6-8wk - GP check ongoing immunisations + monitoring of growth, vision, hearing
27
what developmental delays constitute referral?
doesn't smile at 10wk can't sit unsupported 12mo can't walk 18mo can't say 2-6 words 18mo
28
what are the commonest reasons for developmental delay?
variant of normal cerebral palsy duchenne muscular dystrophy
29
developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) - RFs
``` breech FH firstborn oligohydramnios birth weight > 5kg ```
30
DDH - diagnosis
barlow + ortolani tests | USS confirms
31
DDH - mgmt
should spontaneously resolve 3-6wk splints + harnesses if <4-5mo older - surgery eg hip realignment
32
fine motor + vision milestones
3mo - reach for object, visually alert, fix + follow to 180° 6mo - holds palmar grasp 9mo - points, early pincer 12mo - good pincer
33
gross motor milestones
``` 3mo - held sitting 6mo - pulls self to sitting 7-8mo - unsupported sitting 9mo - crawl 1y - walks if hand held 13-15mo - walks unsupported 2y - runs ```
34
social behaviour + play milestones
``` 6wk - smiles 3mo - laughs 1y - waves bye 18mo - plays alone 4y - plays with others ```
35
feeding milestones
12-15mo - drinks from cup, uses spoon 3y - uses spoon + fork 5y - uses knife + fork
36
dressing - milestones
can dress + undress at 4y
37
down syndrome - features
``` upslanting palpebral fissures protruding tongue small ears rounf/flat face single palmar crease, sandal gap hypotonia heart problems eg VSD, ToF, PDA duodenal atresia + hirschprung's ``` male infertility, female sub learning probs short resp infections
38
why are kids given oral/IM vitamin K at birth?
newborns deficient, which can impair clotting factor production → haemorrhagic disease of the newborn (minor or severe)
39
hypotonia (floppiness) - causes
``` down's prader willi cerebral palsy hypothyroidism muscular dystrophy ```
40
immunisations at birth
BCG if risk TB | hep B if RFs
41
immunisations at 2mo
6-1 PCV men B oral rotavirus
42
immunisations at 3mo
6-1 | oral rotavirus
43
immunisations at 4mo
6-1 PCV men B
44
immunisations at 12-13mo
Hib/Men C MMR PCV Men B
45
when is flu vaccine given to kids?
2-8y
46
immunisation at 3-4y
4 in 1 preschool booster - diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough + polio MMR
47
immunsation at 12-13y
HPV - girls
48
immunisation at 13-18y
3-in-1 teenage booster - tetanus, diphtheria, polio | men ACWY
49
heel prick test - when done? what for?
5-9 days ``` hypothyroid CF sickle cell PKU, MCADD HCU ```
50
how many times is men B given?
3
51
how many times is MMR given?
2
52
how many times is polio given?
5
53
DDH - features
usually found on screening/newborn exam if unilateral - leg inequality limp arthritis
54
red flags of developmental delay
``` loss of skills not fixing/following hearing loss low/increased tone no speech by 18mo persistent tip toes can't sit unsupported by 1y can't walk by 18mo (m) or 2y (f) can't hold object 5mo ```
55
duchenne's - presentation + diagnosis
x linked recessive neuromuscular disorder progressive proximal muscle weakness from 5y - dystrophin absence gower's sign - arms used to stand from squat CK++, genetic testing hx tiptoes, speech + walking delay calf hypertroph
56
duchenne's - management + prognosis
steroids can delay progression feeding, resp + cardiac problems
57
causes of delayed puberty
short: turner, prader-willi normal: PCOS, klinefelter
58
male puberty milestones
testicular growth 10-15y | height spurt 14y
59
female puberty milestones
breasts 9-13y height spurt 12 menarche 11-15
60
which strains of HPV cause what?
6 + 11 - warts | 16 + 18 - cervical cancer
61
which HPV strains does current vaccination protect against?
6 + 11 - warts | 16 + 18 - cervical cancer
62
HPV vaccination - how done?
12-13y. done at school may be done against parental wishes 2 doses - 6mo-2y apart injection site reactions common

paeds (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions