development: Lifespan Theories of Development

Question 1

Arnold Gesell

Answer 1

American psychologist and pediatrician who believed that human development reflects a genetic unfolding of, and maturational readiness for, physical, cognitive, language, and social-emotional characteristics or milestones with only slight environmental influence. He developed a well-known set of assessments known as the Gesell Scales.

Question 2

Robert Havighurst’s

Answer 2

American professor, physicist, educator, and aging expert, who proposed a series of developmental tasks that humans achieve as they grow and develop from infancy through late adulthood.

Question 3

Roger Gould

Answer 3

An American writer and psychiatrist who studied more than 1,000 adults and discovered that they strove to eliminate false assumptions (protective devices), usually relating to parental dependency, that restricted young and middle adult development. He viewed adult development as a series of task resolutions that allowed adults to correct these false assumptions and ultimately take control of their lives.

Question 4

Robert Peck

Answer 4

Psychologist who expanded on the final two stages (last 40-50 years) of Erikson’s psychosocial theory of human development.

Question 5

Daniel Levinson

Answer 5

American-born psychologist who studied adult male development and presented a combination task/stage theory.

Question 6

parenting styles

Answer 6

Method of bringing up children, of which four have been proposed: authoritarian (parents are restrictive and lack outward expressions of warmth); authoritative (parents display warmth and moderate control, explaining the reasoning behind their decisions to the child); permissive (parents display little control and, at most, moderate warmth); and uninvolved (parents show little if any interest in their children and are indifferent or rejecting toward them).

Question 7

Separation

Answer 7

A legal process that allows couples to remain legally married while living separate lives

Question 8

Divorce

Answer 8

The formal, legal termination of a marriage. Individuals may progress through four emotional stages (shock and disbelief, initial adjustment, active reorganization, and life reformation) as they work through the divorce process.

Question 9

annulment

Answer 9

The voiding of a marriage.