theory: humanistic theories Flashcards

1
Q

three humanistic counseling approaches:

A
  • client-centered,
  • existential,
  • Gestalt
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2
Q

Existential counseling

A

An approach to counseling that assists clients in addressing universal questions about life, death, and freedom and helps them find meaning in their lives

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3
Q

Client-Centered Counseling

A

Also referred to as person-centered counseling. The client-centered counseling approach developed by Carl Rogers, which proposes that clients, not counselors, set the pace for counseling and determine the focus of each session. Client-centered counseling downplays the use of techniques, instead focusing on the development of a trusting, genuine, and accepting therapeutic relationship to facilitate change.

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4
Q

carl rogers

A

An American psychologist who founded the client-centered approach to counseling. Rogers emphasized the importance of the client in counseling sessions and implemented a nondirective approach, which put the responsibility for personal growth on the client. Rogers maintained that a professional counselor should demonstrate empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness

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5
Q

phenomenological perspective

A

In client-centered counseling, how counselors approach clients from the perspective of how they perceive an event rather than the event itself.

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6
Q

core conditions

A

Rogers proposed that counselors must possess core helping conditions in order to promote client change, growth, and self-actualization. The core counseling conditions include (a) genuineness/ congruence (being honest with clients and ensuring that a counselor’s verbal and nonverbal communication is congruent), (b) respect/unconditional positive regard (the ability to communicate acceptance of the client as a person, regardless of their actions or beliefs), and (c) empathy (the ability to enter the client’s worldview and convey an understanding of a client’s thoughts, feelings, and actions).

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7
Q

Humanistic Counseling

A

A group of counseling theories focusing on experiences that are unique to humans (e.g., self-actualization, wellness, hope, love, creativity). Humanistic counselors believe in human goodness and the ability of all individuals to strive toward self-actualization given the proper environment. Humanistic counseling is frequently referred to as the “third force” in counseling.

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8
Q

Victor Frankl

A

A Holocaust survivor and Austrian psychiatrist who trained under Alfred Alder. Frankl is one of the key figures in existential therapy and founded logotherapy, which focuses on individuals’ search for meaning in their lives. His book A Man’s Search for Meaning chronicles his experiences in a Nazi concentration camp as he searches for meaning in life.

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9
Q

Rollo May

A

An American psychologist who was a leader in the existential counseling approach. May studied the concept of anxiety in depth, noticing that it often interferes with people’s ability to accomplish goals. However, May also believed that experiencing moderate amounts of anxiety was beneficial. His book The Meaning of Anxiety describes the role of anxiety as a motivator.

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10
Q

free will

A

Self-determination

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11
Q

logotherapy

A

An existential approach developed by Victor Frankl that focuses on individuals’ search for meaning in their lives. Logotherapy assists clients in restoring meaning to their lives by viewing their problems from a larger spiritual context.

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12
Q

existential vacuum

A

A term associated with existential counseling describing the experience of life as empty, meaningless, purposeless, and so on.

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13
Q

paradoxical intention

A

A therapeutic technique in which counselors prescribe the symptom (e.g., client suffering from insomnia is asked to stay up all night). By asking clients to actively engage in the symptom behavior, they are able to recognize the control they possess over the symptom.

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14
Q

Fritz Perls

A

A German psychiatrist/psychotherapist known for developing Gestalt therapy. Perls created Gestalt therapy as a reaction to psychodynamic approaches. Perls stressed taking into account the whole person in therapy

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15
Q

unfinished business

A

In Gestalt therapy, past unresolved issues that interfere with an individual’s present functioning. The purpose of Gestalt psychology is to help individuals with neuroses become integrated and self-supportive through resolving their unfinished business

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16
Q

experiments

A

A technique in Gestalt therapy that occurs spontaneously in session.

17
Q

exercises

A

Techniques in Gestalt therapy that are planned prior to a therapy session. Exercises used by Gestalt therapists often include psychodrama, roleplaying, and the empty chair technique.

18
Q

here and now therapy

A

A Gestalt approach used to encourage clients to discuss only what is bothering them in the present moment.

19
Q

psychodrama

A

An exercise used in Gestalt therapy that asks clients to act out their internal conflicts and related emotions in order to gain clarity on their unfinished business

20
Q

empty chair

A

A technique used in Gestalt therapy in which a client is asked, through role-playing, to talk to conflicting parts of their personality or to an individual with whom they are in conflict.