Development of the face and maxilla

Question 1

what is the front-nasal process

Answer 1

prominence in the upper facial area at the most cephalic end of embryo

Question 2

what is the cephalic end

Answer 2

head end of a structure such as the trilaminar embryonic disc

Question 3

what is the mandibular process

Answer 3

processes of first branchial arch that fuse at the midline to form mandibular arch

Question 4

what si the mandibular arch

Answer 4

lower dental arch with mandibular teeth or th 1st branchial arch inferior to stomatodeum in the embryo

Question 5

what is the max process

Answer 5

prominence from mandibular arch that grows sup and ant on each side of stomatodeum of embryo

Question 6

what is the max arch

Answer 6

upper dental arch in which th max teeth form

Question 7

what is the nasal placode

Answer 7

placodes that develop into olfactory organ fro sensation of smell located in mature nose

Question 8

what is a placode

Answer 8

area of ectoderm found at the location of developing specil trans on embryo

Question 9

what is stomatodeum

Answer 9

mouth opening covered in oropharyngeal mem which disintegrates in later dev

Question 10

when does the development of the fact begin

Answer 10

around 4 weeks

Question 11

where does th development take place

Answer 11

between brain and dev heart

Question 12

what embryonic layers are involved in facial dev

Answer 12

all

Question 13

what are the 5 facial processes

Answer 13

FNP
paired max
paired mand

Question 14

what does the oropharyngeal see do

Answer 14

prevent anything entering the stomatodeum cavity (mouth)

Question 15

what is ‘fusion’ not real

Answer 15

between medial nasal prominences

Question 16

what is the process of ‘fusion’ not real

Answer 16

deep furrow between prominences
furrow disappear due to growing
elevation

Question 17

what is true FUSION

Answer 17

between medial nasal provinces and max process

sep processes

Question 18

what is the stomatodeum common chamber for

Answer 18

ora-nasopharyngeal

Question 19

what is the primary palate

Answer 19

from the fused medial nasal proms - intermix segment

does not sep oral and nasal cavs- demarcates

Question 20

what is present at 26 days

Answer 20

nasal placode 
FNP 
1st arch 
max process
mand process

Question 21

what is present at 27 days

Answer 21

FNP 
nasal pit 
nasal prom 
max process
mand process

Question 22

what is the nasal pit

Answer 22

enormous most of dev
growth factors FGF8
inwards from downwards

Question 23

wat is present at 34 days

Answer 23

lateral nasal prom
medial nasal prom
eye at lateral aspect

Question 24

what is present 36days

Answer 24

lat nasal prominence
medial nasal prominence together
eye moving medially

Question 25

what is the inter maxillary segment

Answer 25

true fusion | outer part nose and primary palate

Question 26

when is the inter maxillary segment present

Answer 26

7 weeks

Question 27

when are there rough features of face

Answer 27

10 weeks

Question 28

what happens in the 4th week

Answer 28

primitive stomatodeum bound by FNP, max and mand processes | nasal placodes dev into nasal pits

Question 29

what happens in week 5

Answer 29

nasal pit surrounded by lat and medial nasal proms

Question 30

what is observed at week 6 and 7

Answer 30

medial nasal proms FUSE together and fuse with max processes

Question 31

what does FNP contribute to

Answer 31

forehead | bridge of nose

Question 32

what does medial nasal prom contribute to

Answer 32

philtre of lip crest tip of nose

Question 33

what does the lateral nasal prom

Answer 33

alas of nose

Question 34

what does the max prom contribute to

Answer 34

cheeks | lat upper lip

Question 35

what does mand prom contribute to

Answer 35

low lip

Question 36

what are the tow levels of mesenchyme

Answer 36

ectomesenchyme | mesenchyme

Question 37

when is the first sign of tooth dev

Answer 37

6 weeks | primary epi band

Question 38

when is nasal septum formed

Answer 38

week 7

Question 39

what is the nasal capsule

Answer 39

mesenchymal condensation primary support fro dev max continuous with carts of cranial base

Question 40

when is the ossification of mand

Answer 40

6-7th week

Question 41

when is the ossification of maxilla

Answer 41

8th week

Question 42

when s the ossification of the plate and nasal capsule

Answer 42

8th week

Question 43

what are the 2 methods of bone osteogenesis

Answer 43

intramembranous | endochondral

Question 44

can u tell when the bone is matured what ossification

Answer 44

no indistinguishable

Question 45

what is the process of inbtramembranuos ossification

Answer 45

mesenchymal cell s- osteoblasts depo osteoid mineral depo osteoblasts trapped = osteocytes

Question 46

where are the primary centre of ossification for maxilla

Answer 46

max process near nasal capsule between nifraoribital nerve and is ant sup alv branch

Question 47

what does the infraorbital nerve do

Answer 47

add nerve growth factor made by nerves can get ossification

Question 48

what is affected by ifnraoribtal nerve

Answer 48

frontal process zygomatic alveolus palate

Question 49

what is the pre maxilla in animals

Answer 49

separate pre maxilla | separate intermaxillay ossification centres

Question 50

do humans have a pre maxilla

Answer 50

no

Question 51

where are the ossification centres for pre maxilla

Answer 51

from maxilla | palatine bones

Question 52

where does vomer develop

Answer 52

inferior aspect of nasal septum

Question 53

what ossification does the vomer do

Answer 53

intramembranous

Question 54

when does vomer develop

Answer 54

week 8

Question 55

what are the main controls of the pattern formation

Answer 55

retinoic acids | growth factor families (5)

Question 56

what do retinoid acids do

Answer 56

if too much = cleft palate | precursors in development issues - bone metamorphic proteins

Question 57

what are the growth factor families

Answer 57

``` BMP FGF Shh Wnt Endothelins ```

Question 58

what does retinoid acids and GF fams actually do

Answer 58

control prolif, survival and apoptosis

Question 59

what si the prevalence of cleft lip

Answer 59

1:1000 births | uni or bilateral

Question 60

what factors can cause cleft lip

Answer 60

genes enviro factors

Question 61

what is cleft palate basically

Answer 61

fail of fusion of maxillary process with edialnaal process