Development of the Skull

Question 1

why is an understanding of facial growth needed

Answer 1

malocclusion
abnormal growth patterns
treatment plans
treatment stability

Question 2

what are some primary cartilages

Answer 2

meckels cart
reichert’s cart
nasal capsule

Question 3

what is the function of primary cart

Answer 3

primitive support to set out path for facial bone dev and nerve dev

Question 4

what si the structure of primary carts

Answer 4

hyaline cart

interstitial growth

Question 5

what si the fate of primary carts

Answer 5

ossify

disappear

Question 6

what are the two parts for the skull

Answer 6

neurocranium - brain case

viscerocranium - facial skeleton

Question 7

what are the parts of the neurocranum

Answer 7

dermatocranium - cranial vault

chondrocranium - cranial base

Question 8

what are the parts of the viscerocranium

Answer 8

special sensory

masticatory

Question 9

what does the craianl base largely form form

Answer 9

series of cart

Question 10

what are the primary carts assc with base of skull

Answer 10

trabeculum - nasal capsule
hypophyseal cart
otic capsule 
parachordal carts
occipital somites 
occipital cart
orbitosphenoid 
alisphenoid

Question 11

what are the bones of the cranial base

Answer 11

sphenoid 
occipialt
temporal d- petrous 
ethmoid 
frontal

Question 12

what is the ossification takes place at cranial base

Answer 12

endochondral ossification

Question 13

where does dermal/membranous bones form

Answer 13

frontal
parietal
squamous temporal
occipital

Question 14

what bones ossify by intramembranous ossifiction

Answer 14

ectomesenchyme - ant to coronal suture

mesenchyme - post to coronal suture

Question 15

when does bone formation start

Answer 15

8 weeks for cranial vast

Question 16

what is it called where bones meet

Answer 16

sutures

Question 17

what are the common ways of skull growth

Answer 17

sutures
synchondroses
remodelling
secondary cartilages

Question 18

what are the two growth pathways asscwith cranium

Answer 18

neural - age 10 full

somatic - growth spurts

Question 19

what is sutural growth

Answer 19

growth due to expansion of underlying structures

Question 20

what re the layers at a suture

Answer 20

osteoblasts
cambial
capsular
middle layer

Question 21

what are the fontanelles

Answer 21

ant
anterolateral
posterolateral
posterior

Question 22

when do the fontanelles close

Answer 22

ant - 6-18 months
anterolat- 6 months
postlat - 6-18moths
post - 1-3months

Question 23

what is a synchondrosis

Answer 23

immovable cartilage joint

active growths site

Question 24

what growth occurs at synchondrosis

Answer 24

intersistial growth

Question 25

when does the spehno-ethmoidal synchondrosis fuse

Answer 25

around birth

Question 26

when'd does he sphene occipital synchorndoisi fuse

Answer 26

12 female 14 male main site of elongation of cranial base

Question 27

what does achondroplasia do to skull formaiton

Answer 27

concave face as middle 1/3rd not as well formed | effects synchondroses growth

Question 28

how are bone surfaces remodelled

Answer 28

surface depo - osteobalsst | surface resorption- osteoclast

Question 29

when does the max air sinus form

Answer 29

10 weeks

Question 30

how does the max air sinus form

Answer 30

primary pneumatisation - sir fill pouch in lat wall nasal cav secondary pneumatisation - expansion by resorption of lat and inf walls

Question 31

if a upper post tooth removed how does this affect the sinus

Answer 31

sinus enlarges | alveolar height reduces - thin bone

Question 32

what are secondary cartilages made of

Answer 32

fibrocartilage

Question 33

how do secondary cartilages grow

Answer 33

appositional growth

Question 34

what is appositional growth

Answer 34

surface depo of new coat calcification of sub-surface cart resorption of calcified cart replace of calcified cart with bone

Question 35

what are some secondary carts

Answer 35

symphyseal coronoid condylar

Question 36

when does symphyseal cart appears and disappear

Answer 36

16 weeks appear | disappear 1st year after brith

Question 37

when does coronoid cart appear nd disappear

Answer 37

appear 14-16 weeks | dis before birth

Question 38

when does condylar art appear and sipper

Answer 38

appear - 10-12 weeks | dis - 20 years of age

Question 39

what are some factors controlling growth patterns

Answer 39

hormonal intrinsic extrinsic

Question 40

what are hormonal influence on growth patterns

Answer 40

growth spurts

Question 41

what re intrinsic factors affecting growth patterns

Answer 41

within bone or cart - genetic

Question 42

what are the exrisic factors affecting growth patterns

Answer 42

``` neural - brain growth special snes e- eye growth muscle activity air sinuses nasal septum growth soft tissue - cheek teeth ```