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Flashcards in Development of the Nervous System Deck (25)
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1
Q

When does human brain development begin?

A

3rd week post conception

2
Q

The intra-uterine environment is important for neurological development. What are some examples of insults here which may be continuous throughout pregnancy?

A

Alcohol exposure and CMV infection

3
Q

What is the embryonic period of neurological development?

A

Conception to 8 weeks

4
Q

Which part of the embryo becomes us? Which part evolves into the placenta and cord?

A

Us = epiblast, placenta and cord = hypoblast

5
Q

What is the first defined neural structure to form? When does this occur?

A

Neural tube- 20-27 days

6
Q

What will the hollow centre of the neural tube go on to become?

A

Ventricular system and the central channel of the spinal cord

7
Q

What will the anterior/rostral parts of the neural tube go on to become?

A

Brain

8
Q

What will the caudal part of the neural tube go on to become?

A

Spinal cord

9
Q

If the neural tube does not close at the bottom, what can this result in?

A

Spina bifida or neural tube defect

10
Q

High concentration of Pax6 with low concentration of Emx2 induces progenitors to differentiate into what?

A

Motor neurones

11
Q

Low concentration of Pax6 with high concentration of Emx2 induces the formation of what neurones?

A

Visual cortex neurones

12
Q

What defines the foetal period of neurological development?

A

9 weeks to term

13
Q

When is the primary sulci of the brain formed?

A

Week 8-26

14
Q

When is the secondary sulci of the brain formed?

A

Weeks 30-35

15
Q

When is the tertiary sulci of the brain formed?

A

36 weeks +

16
Q

What is the function of axons?

A

Transmit signals from neurones

17
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

Transmit information to neurones

18
Q

When does myelination occur?

A

Postnatally

19
Q

Physical maturation is adolescence is due to what? Do these act on the brain?

A

Gonadal hormones- they act on the brain as the brain has many steroid receptors

20
Q

What hormone makes girls more prone to stress?

A

Oestrogen

21
Q

What hormone makes boys less prone to stress?

A

Androgen

22
Q

What does the PLP1 gene encode?

A

A transmembrane protein, the predominant myelin protein

23
Q

The PLP1 gene is located where?

A

X chromosome

24
Q

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease occurs because of a mutation where?

A

PLP1 gene

25
Q

How does Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease present?

A

In infancy or early childhood with nystagmus, hypotonia and cognitive impairment, which progresses to severe spasticity and ataxia