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Child Health > Developmental Delay > Flashcards

Developmental Delay Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of developmental delay?

A

The failure to attain milestones for the childs corrected chronological age

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2
Q

What are 2 examples of regressive developmental delay?

A
  • Rett’s syndrome - Metabolic disorders
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3
Q

Development is a continuous maturation of what system?

A

Nervous system

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4
Q

What is the direction of development?

A

Cephalocaudal

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5
Q

What are some general red flags for a developmental delay?

A
  • Asymmetry of movement - Concerns with vision/hearing - Loss of gained skilled
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6
Q

At what age would ‘not reaching for objects’ be a red flag for developmental delay?

A

6 months

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7
Q

At what age would ‘unable to sit unsupported’ be a red flag for developmental delay?

A

12 months

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8
Q

At what age would ‘unable to walk’ be a red flag for developmental delay? What test should be done?

A

18 months- check CK

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9
Q

At what age would ‘unable to speak’ be a red flag for developmental delay? What would be the exception to this?

A

18 months Exception is if the child is being raised bilingual

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10
Q

If a child has red flags for developmental delay but there is no pathology, what could be the cause?

A

No stimulation

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11
Q

Global developmental delay is defined as a significant delay in 2 or more of?

A
  • Gross/fine motor - Speech and language - Cognition - Social/personal communication - ADL
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12
Q

Genetic problems are a common cause of global developmental delay. What condition should always be tested for?

A

Fragile X

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13
Q

What IQ constitutes each of the following learning disabilities: a) mild? b) severe? c) profound?

A

Mild- 50-70 Severe- 20-50 Profound- < 20

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14
Q

What are some examples of specific motor delays?

A

Cerebral palsy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, co-ordination disorders

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15
Q

What are some examples of specific sensory delays?

A

Albinism, Treacher-Collins Syndrome

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16
Q

What 3 areas are affected by albinism?

A

Eyes, skin, hair

17
Q

Children with developmental delay will probably plateau around what age?

A

16

18
Q

What chromosomal abnormality causes Down’s syndrome?

A

Trisomy 21

19
Q

What are some problems a child with Down’s syndrome may experience?

A
  • Congenital heart disease or other heart problems - Hypothyroidism - Visual disturbance - Hearing problems - Sleep related breathing disorders
20
Q

How is Duchenne muscular dystrophy inherited? What sex does it affect?

A

X-linked recessive Affects boys

21
Q

Where is the muscle weakness in Duchenne muscular dystrophy? What are two adaptations which occur to try and overcome this?

A

Pelvic girdle muscles Increased lumbar lordosis, Gower’s manoeuvre when standing up

22
Q

How can Duchenne muscular dystrophy present?

A

Motor or speech delay, or a loss of skills as they get older

23
Q

What is the most common motor type of cerebral palsy? How do the muscles appear? Where is the damage to the brain?

A

Spastic Stiff and tight Damage to the motor cortex

24
Q

What characterises dyskinetic cerebral palsy? Where in the brain is affected?

A

Involuntary movements Basal ganglia

25
Q

What characterises ataxic cerebral palsy? Where in the brain is affected?

A

Shaky movements, affects balance and proprioception Cerebellum

26
Q

Where is affected in hemiplegic cerebral palsy? How will the child walk?

A

One arm and one leg on the same side Will walk on the tiptoe of the affected side

27
Q

Where is affected by paraplegic and diplegic cerebral palsy?

A

Paraplegic- both legs only, or both arms only Diplegic- as above, with slight involvement of somewhere else

28
Q

Where is affected by quadriplegic cerebral palsy? How will the child walk? How is their cognitive development?

A

All 4 limbs Feet turned inwards Severe brain damage

29
Q

What type of cerebral palsy is becoming more common in preterm infants, and where there has been foetal damage in late pregnancy? What type of visual disturbance often occurs alongside this?

A

Diplegic Inferior visual field defects

30
Q

What 3 things make up the triad of autism? What are two other common problems?

A

Communication, social interaction, flexibility of though/imagination Sensory difficulties and restricted, repetitive behaviours

31
Q

What is Treacher-Collins syndrome?

A

Associated with conductive hearing loss and normal cognitive development

32
Q

What are the two types of hearing loss>? Which is most common?

A

Conductive (most common) Sensory neural

33
Q

These scans are all different forms of cerebral palsy.

Which letter is the most common type?

What type is this?

A

C is the most common

Spastic diplegic

34
Q

What condition is this suggestive of?

A

Neurofibromatosis Type 1

35
Q

The long face seen in these pictures is characteristic of what condition?

A

Fragile X

Child Health (14 decks)

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