development of the respiratory system

Question 1

when does the respiratory system begin

Answer 1

Day 22 (forth week)

Question 2

major changes in the respiratory system happens

Answer 2

5th and 6th month

Question 3

how long does the respiratory system develop

Answer 3

past the first breath at birth up to age 3 (possible for 7-8 years)

Question 4

what part of the respiratory system appears at week 4

Answer 4

Respiratory diveritulum

Question 5

what is the respiratory diverticulum

Answer 5

the lung bud

Question 6

how does the respiratory diverticulum grow as

Answer 6

As an outgrowth of the foregut

Question 7

what parts of the respiratory system is endoderm

Answer 7

Inner lining of larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

Question 8

what parts of the respiratory system is splanchnic mesoderm

Answer 8

Cartilaginous
Muscular
Connective tissue component of trachea and lungs

Question 9

what does the lung bud grow into

Answer 9

Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 10

what is the lung bud open to

Answer 10

Open comm with the foregut

Question 11

what causes the lung bud to separate from the foregut

Answer 11

as the bud grows caudally, tracheoesophageal ridges separate the bud from the foregut

Question 12

tracheoesophageal ridges eventually fuse to make

Answer 12

The tracheoesophageanl septum

Question 13

Abnormalities in partitioning of the esophagus and trachea by the tracheoesophageal septum result in

Answer 13

Esophageal atresia(blind end sack) with or without tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF)- air goes into sack

Question 14

foregut anomolies mean you may have

Answer 14

Respiratory anomolies

Question 15

How does the respiratory diverticulum maintina comm with the parynx

Answer 15

Laryngeal origice

Question 16

what is the shape of the laryngeal orifice orignally

Answer 16

Safittal slit

Question 17

what does the Larygeal orifice change to in shape

Answer 17

T-shaped opening

Question 18

surrounding tissues of the Laryngeal orifice

Answer 18

Epiglottal swelling
Arytenoid swelling (inferior) originally laryngeal swellings

Question 19

what do the laryngeal cartilage and muscles arise from

Answer 19

Pharyngeal arch 4 and 6

Question 20

what innervate the muscles of the larynx

Answer 20

Vagus nerve

Question 21

what does the mesenchym of the 4th and 6th arch turn into

Answer 21

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Arytenoid cartilce

Question 22

what does the epiglottis form from

Answer 22

Mesnechyme of the caudal hypopharyngeal eminence

Question 23

LAryngeal mm arising fromt the first arch are innervated by

Answer 23

super laryngeal n

Question 24

Innervation of laryngeal mm fo the 6th arch

Answer 24

recurrent laryngeal n

Question 25

when does the lung bud devide into the primary bronchial buds

Answer 25

day 28

Question 26

when does the primary bronchial buds devide into secondary bronchial buds

Answer 26

30 days(week 5)

Question 27

when does the secondary bronchial buds devide into teritary bronchial buds

Answer 27

38 days ( 5th and 6th)

Question 28

as the lung buds devide and grow what is carried with them

Answer 28

Pleural mesenchyme

Question 29

how many seconadry bronchial buds are there

Answer 29

Left: 2 Right: 3

Question 30

number of tertiary bronchial buds

Answer 30

R: 10 L: 8

Question 31

where does the lung buds grow into

Answer 31

Pericardioperitoneal canals

Question 32

What forms the pleural cavities

Answer 32

Lung bud growth into the pericardioperitoneal canals

Question 33

what gives rise to the visceral pleura of the lungs

Answer 33

Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 34

what gives rise to the parietal pleura

Answer 34

Somatic mesoderm

Question 35

what fills the pleural caviy in the development

Answer 35

Serous fluid still

Question 36

what does the respiratory tree create

Answer 36

Small branches called terminal bronchioles

Question 37

when do terminal rbonchiole devide

Answer 37

weeks 16-28

Question 38

what do terminal bronchiole divide into

Answer 38

respiratory bronchia

Question 39

when are the terminal sacs (primitive alveoli)

Answer 39

week 36

Question 40

separates the conditioning/conducting portion of lungs

Answer 40

ends at terminal bronchioles | Gas exchange at respiratory bronchioles

Question 41

as the terminal sacs form what else is just beginning to form

Answer 41

Blood islands for the capillaries in the mesenchyme

Question 42

stages of lung maturation

Answer 42

Pseudoglandular period- branches for terminal bronchioles Canalicular period- respiratory brnahces begin to turn into alveolar ducts TErminal sac- terminal sacs form, and capillaries begin Alveolar period; mature alveoli with capillary contacts

Question 43

Time of the pseudoglandular period

Answer 43

5-16weeks

Question 44

Canalicular period

Answer 44

16-26 weeks

Question 45

time of terminal sac period

Answer 45

26 week to birth

Question 46

alveolar period

Answer 46

8 months till childhood

Question 47

fetal stages of lungs

Answer 47

Pseudoglandular, canalicular, terminal sac

Question 48

What stages are late fetal and enonatal

Answer 48

Alveolar period

Question 49

what happens in the pseudoglandular period

Answer 49

Branches has continued to form terminal bronchioles No respiratory or bronchioles or alveoli present Capillaries presnet but not asssociated

Question 50

what happens in the canicular period

Answer 50

Each terminal bronchiole divides into 2+ respiratory bronchioles These devide into 3-6 alveolar ducts air blood relation is not there yet beginning of cellular specialization

Question 51

what happens in terminal sac period

Answer 51

Terminal sacs form and capillaries become close to sacs Functional development fetus can possibly surive if born here no surfactant cells

Question 52

what do terminal sacs look like a 26 weeks

Answer 52

single layer of simple squamous cells

Question 53

cells through which gases diffuse

Answer 53

Type I alveolar cells and associate with capillaries

Question 54

what are the shape of type II alveolar cells

Answer 54

Rounded

Question 55

Shape of Type I alveolar cells

Answer 55

flat

Question 56

Roll of type II alveolar cells

Answer 56

Produce, store, and secrete pulmonary surfactant

Question 57

what does Surfactant form

Answer 57

Film over the internal walls te alveolar sacs and counteracts surface tension

Question 58

Roll of surfactants

Answer 58

Facilitate expansion of terminal sac and prevent collapse (atelectasis)

Question 59

when does surfactant begin to be produced

Answer 59

20-22 weeks

Question 60

what fills the respiratory tree before brith

Answer 60

Amniotic fluid

Question 61

what happens at first breath to liquid in lungs

Answer 61

All the fluid goes out it and secreted surfactant forms on top of remaining fluid

Question 62

what happens to prevent colaspse of alveolus

Answer 62

Surfactant prevents alveolar collapse

Question 63

what happens at the alveolar period

Answer 63

Mature alveoli have well developed epithelial endothelial contacts Type I and II alveolar Smooth msucles are present