Lymphatic system Histo Flashcards
1
Q
COmponents of the LYmphatic ystem
A
Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue Lymphatic Nodule Lymph nodes Spleen Bone Marrow Thymus Lymphatic Vessels
2
Q
Major function of the lymph system
A
Drain excess interstitial fluid (return also to maintain normal blood volume) Provde an alternative transportation route for hormones, nutrients, and waste produces Immune response (produce, maintain, distribute lymphocytes)
3
Q
what happens to the flow of fluid in and out of capillary beds
A
Excess fluid is pushed out than is absorbed and builds up around the capillaries
4
Q
How much lymph is returned to the blood stream on a daily basis
A
3 Liters
5
Q
where are lymphatic capillaries found
A
In loose connective tissues
6
Q
permiability of lymphatic capillaries compared to blood
A
Lymph more permiable
7
Q
Size of Lymphatic endothelial cells
A
A bit larger than that of Blood vessels
8
Q
where is the thoracic duct
A
Along the vertebral bodies
9
Q
where do Lymphatic vessels get back into venous circulation
A
At the venous angle
10
Q
where does the left Thoracic duct empty
A
Between the Left subclavian and left jugular veins (venous angle)
11
Q
what does the left thoracic duct drain
A
Lower limbs, lumbar region, left thorax, neck, head, and arm
12
Q
what does the right lymphatic duct drain
A
Right thorax, right arm, right head and neck
13
Q
what lines lymphatic cappilaries
A
Enodthelial cells with a discontinuous basal lamina with increasing connective tissue
14
Q
what causes lymph to flow
A
Compression of skeletal muscles
15
Q
what causes lymph to flow in one direction
A
Valves
16
Q
why does lymph stain well
A
Because it has a lot of prot and stuff
17
Q
what is the definitive cell of the Lymphatic system
A
Lymphocytes
18
Q
Types of Lymphocytetes
A
B cells
T cells
NK cells
19
Q
where were B cells first recognized
A
In the bursa of Fabricius in birds
20
Q
Roll of B cells
A
Produce and secrete anitbodies
21
Q
Immunity given by b cells
A
invovled in humoral immunity
22
Q
Derivative cell of B cells
A
Plasma cells
23
Q
how many lymphocytes are B cells
A
20-30%
24
Q
where do T cells differentiate
A
In the thymus
25
Roll of T cells
Attach and destroy cells
26
what type of immunity do T cells do
Cell-mediated immunity
27
amount of T cells
60-80% of circulating lymphocytes
28
roll of NK cells
Kill certain transformed cells
29
Amount of NK cells
5-10%
30
Supporting cells in the Lymphatic system
```
Reticular
Neutrophils
Dendritic
Epithelioretiular
Monocytes
Basophil
Follicular dendritic
Macrophages
Eosinophils
Langerhans'
```
31
What do reticular cells do
Secrete Reticular cells for type 3 collagen for the lymph node, nodles, and spleen
32
What does Diffuse Lymphatic tissue have in its lamina propria
Accumulations of lymphocytes in the lamina propria with no strucutre or anything holding them together
33
Where is Diffuse Lymphatic tissue found
In the alimentary canal also respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts
34
what surrounds diffuse lymphatic tissue
No surrounding capsule
35
what cells are also found in Diffuse Lymphatic tissue
Pmphatic nodules foundlasma cells and eosinophils
36
Other name for Lymphatic Nodules
Lymphatic Follicles
37
what are Lymphatic Nodules
Accumulations of lymphocytes with no surrounding capsule but is sharply defined with a reticular fibers
38
where are Lymphatic Nodules found
In wall of alimentary canal, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts
39
what cells are found in the lymphatic nodule
Lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils
40
Types of Lymphatic Nodules
primary Nodule
| Secondary Nodule
41
aggregations of primary small lymphocytes
PRimary Nodule
42
what are the zones of the secondary nodule
Germinal center with a mantle zone
43
where are dendritic cells in the secondary nodule
Dendritic cells (FDCs)
44
are lymphatic nodules an organ
No because not surrounded with a capsule
45
are Primary nodules active
No, just waiting for a antigen
46
what are Secondary Nodules responding to
An antigen
47
are lymphatic nodules normally grouped tother
No, normally randomly dispersed but in alimentary canal they are grouped together
48
where Lymphatic nodules are all alone
solitary lymphatic nodules
49
when Lymphatic nodules touch
Aggregated lymphatic nodules
50
where are Aggregated Lymphatic nodules
Tonsils
Peyer's patches
Appendix
51
how do aggregated lymphatic nodules look in the tonsils
Create a ring around entrance to the oropharynx and nasopharynx
52
where are Peyer's pathces found
In the ileum
53
where is the appendix
Cecum of the large intestin
54
GALT
Gut associated lymphatic tissue
55
BALT
Bronchus associated Lymphatic tissue
56
MALT
Mucous associated of Lymphatic tissue
57
Capsuled Organs along the pathways of Lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
58
Function of Lymph nodes
Filtering (phagosytosis and trigger immune response)
59
where do lymph nodes cluster
Cervical region
Axilla region
inguinal region
mesentaries
60
PArts of the Lymph node
```
Capsule
Trabeculae
Reticular tissue (meshwork)
cortex
Medulla
```
61
what makes up the stroma of the lymph node
Capsule
Trabeculae
Retiular tissue
62
what makes up the Parenchyma of the Lymph node
Cortex
| Medulla
63
parts of teh cortex of the lymph node
```
Superficial (nodular) cortex
Deep cortex (paracortex)
```
64
what is found in the superficial cortex of the lymph node
Lymphatic nodules both priimary and seconday
65
parts of the medulla of the lymph node
Medullary cords
| Medullary sinuses
66
extension of the Lymph node capsule into the organ
Trabeculae
67
what part of the lymph node lacks a cortex
The hilum
68
Cells of the Reticular Meshwork
Reticular cells
Dendritic Cells
Macrophages
Follicular dendritic cells
69
where strcutres leave and enter the lymph node
```
The Hilum (artery, vein, and efferent lymphatic vessel)
afferent lymphatic vessels enter at the capsule
```
70
where in the lymph node are t lymphocytes
In the deep cortex
71
where in the lymph node are b lymphocytes
In the nodulary cortex
72
what id found in the outer cortex
B cells
| genrmal centers: B cells, Follicular cells, macrophages
73
what is found in the paracortex
T cells and Dendritic cells
74
What is found in the medullary cords
B cells
Plamsa cells
Macrophages
75
flow of cells in the lymph nodes
B Cells
T Cells
B cells
76
FLow of lymph in the lymph nodes
```
Afferent lymph vessels
Subcapsular (cortical) sinus
TRabecular sinus
Medullary sinus
Efferent Lymph Vessel
```
77
how do lymph cells come into the lymph nodes
10% from lymph vessels
| 90% from the blood
78
blood vessels that give to the Lymph nodes
High endothelial venules
79
where are High endothelial venules
deep cortex
80
What are the cells of the high endothelial venules
Cuboidal or columnar
81
the site of T cell education
Thymus
82
what is T cel education
T cells mature and differentiate to immunocompetent T cells
83
where is the THymus the most important
Childhood (Goes away after awhile)
84
what surrounds the Thymus
Capsule with TRabecula
85
What do the TRabecula form
Thymic lobules
86
The functional portion of the Thymic Lobule consists of
Developing T lymphocytes
| supportive connective tissue is epithelial reticular cells
87
parts of the thymic lobules
Cortex
| Medulla
88
what is found int he Cortex of the Thymic lobules
Immature T cells
89
where do Immature T cells go during thymic education
To the Medulla of the Thymic lobule
90
when do cells leave the thymus
Once they've become educated
91
where are diferent types of reticular cells of the Thymic lobule found
1-3 in the cortex
| 4-6 in the medula
92
what is the roll of eptihelioreticular cells
Forms meshwork of the thymus
93
what is the roll of type VI epithelioreticualar cells
Forms the thymic (Hassall's) corpuscles
94
what happens to the Type VI epithelioreticular cells as they form the thymic corpuscles
Flatten and circularize to fill with keratin then die
95
Function of the spleen
Filter and Monitors the blood immunologically like a lymph nodes
96
Parts of the spleen
Red pulp
| White pulp
97
What does the Red pulp consist of
Blood-filled Venous sinuses surrounded by cords of splenic tissue
98
what do splenic cords consist of
Red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granulocytes
99
roll of the red pulp
Blod filtration (removal of particulate materials, removal of antigens, Removeal of worn out defective RBCs, WBC, and platelets
100
what is the White pulp made of
Lymphatic tissue consistning mainly of lymphocytes plus the central artery
101
where do white pulp lymphocytes aggregate
Brnaches of Splenic artery
102
white pulp aggregation of lymphocytes around the splenic artery
PEriarterial lymphatic sheaths
103
what is the capsule of the spleen made out of
Myofibroblastsdarker
104
Color of white pulp in staining
dark
105
what kind of Cappilaries are the spleenic sinus
Sinusoids (leaky)
