limbic system Flashcards
1
Q
roll of the limbic system
A
generate feelings and emotion from sensory inputs
evolved to promote survival
2
Q
what does limbic system activity depend on
A
physiologic needs
3
Q
parts of the limbic system
A
Cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus(limbic lobe, amygdala, hippocampus etc
4
Q
what does the limbic system involve in response to envirnomnetal change
A
autonomic/voluntary response
also hypothalamus and cerebral cortex
5
Q
what makes up the limbic system
A
Limbic cortex
Subcortical nuclei
6
Q
what makes up the limbic cortex
A
3 layered allocortex
mesocortex
7
Q
where is the allocortex of the limbic cortex
A
hippocampus and septal area
8
Q
where is the mesocortex of the limbic cortex
A
parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate, and insula
9
Q
what makes up the subcortical nuclei
A
Amygdala, hypothalamus
Nucleus accumbens
reticular formation
10
Q
roll of the amygdala in the limbic system
A
emotional responses
11
Q
roll of the hippocampus in the limbic system
A
learning and memory
12
Q
where do some afferents go first to project to the hipocampus
A
Entorhinal cortex
13
Q
the entorhinal cortex gets info from what
A
olfactory areas(minor) many other areas (major)
14
Q
what afferents project to the hippocampus
A
Entorhinal cortex
Input from septal nuclei
15
Q
what is the nature of input from spetal nuclei
A
modulatory in nature
16
Q
what does input from septal nuclei affect
A
chance that info in hippocampus will be retained
17
Q
the 3 zones of the hippocampus
A
dentate gyrus
Hippocampus proper(cornu ammonis)
Subiculum
18
Q
The transition between hippocampus proper and adjacent parahippocampus cortex
A
Subiculum
19
Q
Afferent hippocampal connections
A
Afferent fibers from sensory cortex
Entorhinal cortex projects to dentate gyrus
20
Q
The pathway from the entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyus
A
Perforant pathway
21
Q
Dentate neuron project to what
A
CA3
22
Q
CA# neurons project into
A
fimbria and CA1
23
Q
Pathway of afferent hippocampal connections
A
- afferent fibers from sensory cortex
- entorhinal cortex projects to dentate gyrus
- Dentate nuerons projects to CA3
- CA3 neuron projects into fimbria and CA1
- CA1 neuron projects to subiculum
- Subiculum projects to fimbria
- subiculuar neurons projects to entorhinal cortex
- entorhinal neuron projects to sensory cortex
24
Q
CA1 neuron projects to what
A
subiculum
25
subiculum proejcts toL
fimbria
| entorhinal cortex
26
when the subiculum projects to fimbria
alvear pathway
27
entorhinal neurons project to
sensory cortex
28
the 2 big hippocampal efferents
the alveolar pathway into the fornix
| from the entorhinal cortex into the cerebral cortex
29
efferent outputs from hippocampus
subiculum and entorhinal cortex
30
what is the fornix a direct continuation of
the fimbria
31
the fornix has a long course under what
the corpus callosum
32
where does the crus arch
up beneath the corpus callosum
33
how is the trunk formed
joining of the crus's
34
where is the trunk formed
near hippocampal commissure
35
what does the trunk devide into near the anterior commissure
precommissural fibers
| Postcommisural fibers
36
where are the precommissural fibers
septal area
37
where are the postcommisural fibers
hypothalamus, mammilary body
38
papez circuit
1. neurons in cingulate gyrus project back
2. cingulate gyrus projects into the entorhinal cortex
3. entorhinal cortex projects into the hippocampus
4. hippocampus sends out projects via the fornix
5. fornix eventually reaches the mammillary bodies
to begin the mammillothalamic tract
6. projectsions from the mammillary bodies begin the mammillothalamic tract to go to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus to cingulate cortex
6.5 whole thing repeats itself
39
short term
hold information briefly in mind while you need it
40
long term
stored information, can be retrieved
41
Explicit long term
recall of facts/ events, aka declarative memory or spisodic memory
42
semantic memory
pertains to spoken/written words, extended to knowledge of facts/concepts
43
Implicit memory
performed a leaned motor fucntion, riding a bike
44
working memory
memory needed for task at hand, like driving along a known route
45
consolidation
process of storing new information in long term memory
46
how are novel facts relayed
from sensory association areas to hippocampus for encoding, processed, encoded info sent beack to association area it came from and does not dpeend on hippocampus for retrieval
47
Bilateral removal of hippocampi leads to
impaired declarative memory, and new could not be formed:
episodic memories
semantic memories
but working memory is intact and HM could learn new skills
48
Episodic memories
past personal experices
49
semantic memories
ideas and concepts not related to personal experinces
50
location of the amygdala
in anterior, medial temporal lobe
51
the amygdala mergeis with
periamygdaloid cortex as part of uncus
52
nuclear groups as part of amygdala
Basolateral
Central
Medial
53
Basolateral Amygdala nuclear group
Cortex
Central nuclei
Emotional response
54
Central Amygdala nuclear group
hypothalamus
PAG
Emotional responses
55
MEdial Amygdala nuclear group
Olfaction
56
what is the amygdala primary associated with
emotion of fear
57
Afferents to the Amygdala
All sensory association areas directly to the lateral nucleus
prefrontal cortex iva association fibers
Visual areas
58
why the prefrontal cortex sends association fibers to the amygdala
sensation can be cognitively evaluated
59
visual areas project to amygdala because of
phobias, anxiety states
60
where are most nuclei reeiving afferents situated in the amygdala
laterally situated (lateral nucleus)
61
Amygdala afferents come from
Orbital cortex and Cingulate
Brainstem and PAG, other sites
Cortex and Thalamus
Olfactory bulb
62
what does the orbital cortex and cingulate send to the amygdala
General sense of emotional and physical discomfort/comfort
63
what does the Brainstem and PAG send to the Amygdala
Visceral sensory
64
what does the cortex and thalamus send to the Amygdala
Vision, taste, hearing, somatosensory
65
what does the olfactory bulb and cortex send to the amygdala
olfaction
66
the fibers pathwyas of the Amygdala
Stria terminalis
| Ventral amygdalofugal pathwya
67
the stria terminalis is from
hypothalamus and septal nuclei
68
the ventral amygdalofugal pathway is from
the thalamus, hypothalamus, orbtial and anterior cingulate cortex
69
how do fibers leaves the amygdala
via stria terminalis and VAG pathway
70
Amydgala output to vventral striatum is supposed to be a means for
drive-related information to influence decisions about movemtn
71
travel of stria terminalis
emerges from central nucleus
follows curve of caudate
fibers go to septal area and hypothalamus
then medial forebrain bundlea and central tegmental tract
72
the bed nucleus is regarded as
the extended amygdala
73
what is more active then amygdala in anxiety
bed nucleus
74
function of amygdala efferent to the periaqueductal gray (medulla and raphespinal tract)
antinociception
75
function of amygdala efferent to the periaqueductal gray (to medullary rectulopinal tract)
freezing
76
function of amygdala efferent to the norepinephrine medullary neurons (project to lateral gray horn)
increase heart rate and blood pressure
77
function of amygdala efferent to the hypothalamus/dorsal nucleus of Vagus (heart0
decrease heart rate, fainting
78
function of amygdala efferent to the Hypothalamus (release corticotropin RH)
stress hormone secretion
79
function of amygdala efferent to the parabrachial nucleus to medullary respiratory nuclei
Hyperventilation (panic attacks)
80
what is injurted in kluver-bucy syndrome
Bilateral temporal lobe injury, involving the amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus
81
symptomes of Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
Fearless, Placid, no emotion reaction, don't respond to threats, don't flee threates
males become hyperxexual, indiscriminate, seeking sexual stimulation from inanimate or inappropriate objection
inordinate attention to all sensory stimuli, sniff and examine everythin orally, will eat if can be eaten
may pick up the sam object repeatedly as they seem to recognize nothing (visual agnoia
82
stimulation of nucleus accumbens leads to
sense of well-being "high af"
83
why do you feel a sense of well being due to stimulation of the nucleus accumbens
doapmine release in NA (and medial prefrontal cortex) from ventral tegmental area
84
Ventral striatal dopamine release is from
ventral tegmental area in midbrain
85
Limic loop in basal ganglia is related to
drive-related info to influence movement/behavior
| associate stimuli with rewards
86
limbic loop in basal ganglia
Amygdala hypocampus and limbic cortex project to Ventral striatum
Ventral striatum projects to Ventral Palotum
Ventral palotum projects to Thalamus
Thalamus projects to LImbic cortex repeat
