Developmental Disturbances Exam 2

Question 1

What is development disorders ?

Answer 1

Occur when either a failur or a disturbances occurs during cell divison and or differentiation into various structures of the body

Question 2

What is the development inherited disorders ?

Answer 2

Caused by an abnormaility in genectic makeup and are transmitted from parent to child

Question 3

What is congential disorder ?

Answer 3

• means that it is present at birth, It could be either developmental or inherited.

Question 4

What is cleft disturbances of the face?

Answer 4

• Failure of the palatine processes to fuse with the premaxilla results in cleft
• Heredity and or environmental factors can play role
• Frequency:
  cleft lip 65% male
  Cleft lip and palate 71% male
  Cleft palate alone 66% female

Question 5

What is Soft Tissue Abnormalities?

Answer 5

• Lip pits
• Double lip
• White sponge nevus

Question 6

What are abnormalities of the tongue ?

Answer 6

• Ankyloglossia (Causes tongue)
• Macroglossia- enlarged tongue
• Bifid Tongue- Incomplete fusion
• Median Rhomboid Glossitis
• Fissured Tongue
• Erythemia migrans
• Hairy Tongue

Question 7

What are abnormalities of Jaws

Answer 7

• Palatine torus (Before age 30)
• Mandibular Tori
• Exostosis- Bony outgrowth of normal compact bone
• Macrognathia- Abnormal large jaw (congenital)

Question 8

What are the abnormalities of the teeth?

Answer 8

• disturbances to the tooth at any stage of development may affect the teeth

Question 9

Anodontia

Answer 9

lack of teeth

Question 10

Hypodontia

Answer 10

Lack of one or more teeth ( 3rd molars, maxillary laterals and mandibular 2nd premolars)

Question 11

Oligondontia

Answer 11

6 or more missing

Question 12

Supernumerary

Answer 12

Extra teeth: mesiodens and distomolar

Question 13

Microdontia

Answer 13

abonormal sizes- single tooth involvement: peg laters and 3rd molars

Question 14

Gemination

Answer 14

• One tooth attempts to divide into 2 teeth
• One sing root and one pulp canal

Question 15

Fusion

Answer 15

• Union of two teeth

Question 16

Concresence

Answer 16

A form of fusion in which teeth are united by cementum only

Question 17

Dilaceration

Answer 17

Abnormal curve or angle in the root
- caused by trauma to the tooth germ during root development

Question 18

Enamel Pearl

Answer 18

• A small spherical enamel projection on a root surface
• Occur asa result of abnormal displacement or ameloblasts

Question 19

Talon Cusp

Answer 19

• Accessory cusp located in cingulum area of incisor
• Composed of normal enamel, dentin and a pulp horn

Question 20

Taurodont

Answer 20

Teeth exhibit elongated large pulp chambers and short roots
Only occurs in multirooted teeth

Question 21

Dens in Dente

Answer 21

• Dens invaginatus
• Enamel organ infolds into the crown
• Toothlike structure within the tooth

Question 22

Dens Evaginatus

Answer 22

Enamel cusp found on the occlusal surface

Question 23

Supernumerary Roots

Answer 23

Extra roots

Question 24

Disturbances of tooth structure

Answer 24

Enamel hypoplasia- incomplete or defective formation of enamel
Results in alteration of tooth form or color
Due to disturbance of ameloblasts during enamel matrix formatuon

Question 25

What are the possible causes disturbances of tooth structure

Answer 25

illness with high fever vitamin deficiency local infection of a deciduous tooth too much fluoride ingestion congential syphilis birth injury amelogonesis imperfecta

Question 26

Turners tooth

Answer 26

* Hypoplasia that occurs because of a local infection of deciduous tooth affecting permanent tooth below

Question 27

Hypoplasia

Answer 27

result of congential syphilis

Question 28

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

Answer 28

* Hereditary * Crowns are bulbous with an opalescent brown to blue color * No pulp chambers or root canals * Short roots

Question 29

Enamel Hypocalcification

Answer 29

* Disturbance of the maturation of enamel * Looks chalky white spot

Question 30

Intrinsic Staining of Teeth

Answer 30

* Results from circulating elements during tooth development being deposited in the enamel * Elements leaching through the dentin tubules

Question 31

What is disturbances of eruption

Answer 31

Ankylosed- fused bone Impacted- Physical obstruction Embedded- Lack of eruptive force

Question 32

Attrition

Answer 32

Loss of tooth structure through tooth to tooth frictional contact

Question 33

What is abrasion?

Answer 33

Loss of tooth structure caused by mechanical wear

Question 34

What is abfraction?

Answer 34

Loss of tooth structure at the CEJ caused by abnormal occlusal forces

Question 35

What is Erosion

Answer 35

Loss of tooth structure cause by acidic chemicals in prolonged contact with the teeth.

Question 36

What is elements of Genertics

Answer 36

Karyotype- a picture of the collection of ones 46 chomosome Genotype- ones genetic make up Phenotype- how ones genes are expressed

Question 37

What are the patterns of inheritance ?

Answer 37

Autosomal Dominant X-linked dominant X-linked recessive

Question 38

What are Genetic- Chromosomal Abnormalities

Answer 38

Molecular abnormalities- occur at DNA level are considered inherited disorders Gross abnormalities- occur because of an alteration in chromosome number or alteration in structure

Question 39

What is Trisomy 21?

Answer 39

Downs syndrome - most frequent of the trisomies

Question 40

What are characteristics of Downs syndrome?

Answer 40

Slanted eyes, Heart abnormalitiesm lower intelligence level, hypodontia, fissured tongue, anomalies in shape, position and eruption of teeth

Question 41

What is Trisomy 13?

Answer 41

* multiple abnormalities * cleft lip and palate, small or no eyes mental retardation, heart malformations among them

Question 42

What is Turner syndrome ?

Answer 42

* Female phenotype but only 1x instead 2 * Ovaries are not developed, along with other physical abnormalities

Question 43

What is Molescular Chromosomal abnormalities ?

Answer 43

* Cyclic Neutropenia- Periodic decrease on neutrophils * Papillion Lefevre syndrome- marked destruction of periodontal tissues, premature loss of teeth and hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles

Question 44

What is Cherubism?

Answer 44

Progressive bilateral facial swellling begins before 4 years age

Question 45

What is Cleiodocranial Dysplasis

Answer 45

Many supernumerary teeth often not erupted

Question 46

What is Garner Syndrome

Answer 46

Osteomas in maxilla and mandible, multiple odontomad, intestinal polyps