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Oral Pathology > Developmental Disturbances Exam 2 > Flashcards

Developmental Disturbances Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is development disorders ?

A

Occur when either a failur or a disturbances occurs during cell divison and or differentiation into various structures of the body

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2
Q

What is the development inherited disorders ?

A

Caused by an abnormaility in genectic makeup and are transmitted from parent to child

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3
Q

What is congential disorder ?

A
  • means that it is present at birth, It could be either developmental or inherited.
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4
Q

What is cleft disturbances of the face?

A
  • Failure of the palatine processes to fuse with the premaxilla results in cleft
  • Heredity and or environmental factors can play role
  • Frequency:
    cleft lip 65% male
    Cleft lip and palate 71% male
    Cleft palate alone 66% female
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5
Q

What is Soft Tissue Abnormalities?

A
  • Lip pits
  • Double lip
  • White sponge nevus
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6
Q

What are abnormalities of the tongue ?

A
  • Ankyloglossia (Causes tongue)
  • Macroglossia- enlarged tongue
  • Bifid Tongue- Incomplete fusion
  • Median Rhomboid Glossitis
  • Fissured Tongue
  • Erythemia migrans
  • Hairy Tongue
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7
Q

What are abnormalities of Jaws

A
  • Palatine torus (Before age 30)
  • Mandibular Tori
  • Exostosis- Bony outgrowth of normal compact bone
  • Macrognathia- Abnormal large jaw (congenital)
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8
Q

What are the abnormalities of the teeth?

A
  • disturbances to the tooth at any stage of development may affect the teeth
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9
Q

Anodontia

A

lack of teeth

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10
Q

Hypodontia

A

Lack of one or more teeth ( 3rd molars, maxillary laterals and mandibular 2nd premolars)

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11
Q

Oligondontia

A

6 or more missing

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12
Q

Supernumerary

A

Extra teeth: mesiodens and distomolar

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13
Q

Microdontia

A

abonormal sizes- single tooth involvement: peg laters and 3rd molars

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14
Q

Gemination

A
  • One tooth attempts to divide into 2 teeth
  • One sing root and one pulp canal
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15
Q

Fusion

A
  • Union of two teeth
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16
Q

Concresence

A

A form of fusion in which teeth are united by cementum only

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17
Q

Dilaceration

A

Abnormal curve or angle in the root
- caused by trauma to the tooth germ during root development

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18
Q

Enamel Pearl

A
  • A small spherical enamel projection on a root surface
  • Occur asa result of abnormal displacement or ameloblasts
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19
Q

Talon Cusp

A
  • Accessory cusp located in cingulum area of incisor
  • Composed of normal enamel, dentin and a pulp horn
20
Q

Taurodont

A

Teeth exhibit elongated large pulp chambers and short roots
Only occurs in multirooted teeth

21
Q

Dens in Dente

A
  • Dens invaginatus
  • Enamel organ infolds into the crown
  • Toothlike structure within the tooth
22
Q

Dens Evaginatus

A

Enamel cusp found on the occlusal surface

23
Q

Supernumerary Roots

A

Extra roots

24
Q

Disturbances of tooth structure

A

Enamel hypoplasia- incomplete or defective formation of enamel
Results in alteration of tooth form or color
Due to disturbance of ameloblasts during enamel matrix formatuon

25
Q

What are the possible causes disturbances of tooth structure

A

illness with high fever
vitamin deficiency
local infection of a deciduous tooth
too much fluoride ingestion
congential syphilis
birth injury
amelogonesis imperfecta

26
Q

Turners tooth

A
  • Hypoplasia that occurs because of a local infection of deciduous tooth affecting permanent tooth below
27
Q

Hypoplasia

A

result of congential syphilis

28
Q

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

A
  • Hereditary
  • Crowns are bulbous with an opalescent brown to blue color
  • No pulp chambers or root canals
  • Short roots
29
Q

Enamel Hypocalcification

A
  • Disturbance of the maturation of enamel
  • Looks chalky white spot
30
Q

Intrinsic Staining of Teeth

A
  • Results from circulating elements during tooth development being deposited in the enamel
  • Elements leaching through the dentin tubules
31
Q

What is disturbances of eruption

A

Ankylosed- fused bone
Impacted- Physical obstruction
Embedded- Lack of eruptive force

32
Q

Attrition

A

Loss of tooth structure through tooth to tooth frictional contact

33
Q

What is abrasion?

A

Loss of tooth structure caused by mechanical wear

34
Q

What is abfraction?

A

Loss of tooth structure at the CEJ caused by abnormal occlusal forces

35
Q

What is Erosion

A

Loss of tooth structure cause by acidic chemicals in prolonged contact with the teeth.

36
Q

What is elements of Genertics

A

Karyotype- a picture of the collection of ones 46 chomosome
Genotype- ones genetic make up
Phenotype- how ones genes are expressed

37
Q

What are the patterns of inheritance ?

A

Autosomal Dominant
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive

38
Q

What are Genetic- Chromosomal Abnormalities

A

Molecular abnormalities- occur at DNA level are considered inherited disorders

Gross abnormalities- occur because of an alteration in chromosome number or alteration in structure

39
Q

What is Trisomy 21?

A

Downs syndrome
- most frequent of the trisomies

40
Q

What are characteristics of Downs syndrome?

A

Slanted eyes, Heart abnormalitiesm lower intelligence level, hypodontia, fissured tongue, anomalies in shape, position and eruption of teeth

41
Q

What is Trisomy 13?

A
  • multiple abnormalities
  • cleft lip and palate, small or no eyes mental retardation, heart malformations among them
42
Q

What is Turner syndrome ?

A
  • Female phenotype but only 1x instead 2
  • Ovaries are not developed, along with other physical abnormalities
43
Q

What is Molescular Chromosomal abnormalities ?

A
  • Cyclic Neutropenia- Periodic decrease on neutrophils
  • Papillion Lefevre syndrome- marked destruction of periodontal tissues, premature loss of teeth and hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles
44
Q

What is Cherubism?

A

Progressive bilateral facial swellling begins before 4 years age

45
Q

What is Cleiodocranial Dysplasis

A

Many supernumerary teeth often not erupted

46
Q

What is Garner Syndrome

A

Osteomas in maxilla and mandible, multiple odontomad, intestinal polyps

Oral Pathology (14 decks)

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