Final Exam Part 1 Flashcards
(43 cards)
What are the deviations from normal?
Lead to FUNCTIONAL (biochemical) changes or structural (morphologic) changes.
What are the cellular response to injury ?
- Atrophy: Decrease in size
- Hypertrophy : increase in size
- Hyperplasia: increase in numbers
- Metaplasia: Replacement of one cell type with another that can better endure the stress
- Dysplasia: Abnormal differentiation of dividing cells
- Neoplasia: No longer function or appear like original
What is the role to a hygienist?
- History Taking
- Physical examination
- Recognition of deviations from normal
- Informing the dentist of clinical findings
- Documenting findings in patients record
- Referral
What are the 5 characteristics to describe a lesion to colleague?
- Location
- size and shape
- Color
- Description
- Duration
What is a patch?
- Flat nonraised
- Larger than 1cm
- different color and texture
- Examples: melanoplakia, port wine stain and hematoma
What is the difference between a purpura, ecchymoses and petechaie ?
purpura: bruise
Ecchymosses: bruise larger than 1cm
petechiae: pinpoint red spots
Result of subcutaneous extravasation of blood
What is this lesion?
Plaque
Examples are: Keratosis, leukoplakia, lichen planus hairy leukoplakia and linea alba
What are papules?
less than 1 cm
superficial
pedunculated or sessiled
What are the clinical signs of inflammation ?
- Redness
- Heat
- Swelling
- Pain
- Loss of function
What are the different types of exudate?
Serous- plasma fluid and proteins (MILD INJURY)
Purulent- WBC and tissue debris (ACUTE inflam and ABSCESS AND FISTULA)
Mucinous: contains lots of mucoys secretions
FIbrinous: Composed of large amounts of fibrin
What are the phases of healing?
Inflammation
Proliferation
Maturation
What is healing by primary vs secondary intention?
- Primary: Small Clot, decreased granulation tissue, less scar tissue.
- Secondary: Large clot, increased granulation tissue, increased scar tissue
What are the systemic manifestations of inflammation?
- Fever
- Leukocytosis
- Lymphadenopathy
- elevated c-reactive protein
What is the immune system?
- Part of the defense system of the body and occurs after the inflammatory response.
- Immune response differes because it is to defend against specific target
- nonproteins gets attacked
What is the difference between leukocytes and lymphocytes?
- Leukocytes: white blood cells
- Lymphocytes: B-cells and T-cells excludes others
Which immunoglobulins is most important to the dental field?
IgA: found in saliva and stears
What are the description for T and B cells?
T-Cells: Matures in thymus and developed by the fetal bone marrow and then spread to other lymph tissues.
B-Cells: These cells can produce antibodies
What are the different types of Hypersentivity reactions?
.
Type I: Examples include asthma and anaphylaxis; Mediated by IgE
Type II - Antibody-Mediated
Seen in blood transfusions; Mediated by IgG and IgM
Type III - Immune Complex-mediated
Plays a role in periodontal disease; E.g. Lupus and Rheumatoid arthritis
Type IV - delayed hypersensitivity
Occurs when T cells respond to antigen presented to them; E.g. TB test, organ rejection (can also play a role in perio)
What lesion is this?
Herpetiform
What are three different types of aphthous ulcers?
(Cell mediated)
Minor- most common
Major- Larger
Herpetiform- Very tiny, multiple
What is this lesion?
- Aphthous ulcer Minor
- Aphthous ulcer Major
- Herpetiform
What are erthema multiforme?
- Severe form of Stevens johnson syndrome
- Triad includes eyes, genital and oral lesions (bulles eye
- Treatment: Corticosteroids
What is lichen planus?
lacey looking lesion
Mostly in middle age women
wickhams striae
What is Hand-schuller christians?
Seen in young children
punched out areas of skull
