Exam 3 Disturbances of Cell Growth

Question 1

What is the Morphogenic reactions to stress?

Answer 1

1. cells adpat or die
2. atrophy
3. hypertrophy
4. hyperplasia
5. metaplasia
6. dysplasia
7. neoplasia

Question 2

What are the reactions seen in the oral cavity?

Answer 2

• Hyperkeratosis- thickening of stratum corneum layer
• Hyperplasia- increase in the number of cells
• Metaplasia- conversion of one differentiated type of cell to another
• Dysplasia: Alteration in the size, shape and organization of the cellular componets of tissue
• Neopplasia: Uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells

Question 3

What is Hyperkeratosis

Answer 3

• Caused by chronic irritation (chemical, friction or heat)
• Protective response
• Seen as a white plaque

Question 4

Answer 4

Hyperkeratosis/ Linea Alba

Question 5

Answer 5

Hyperkeratosis

Question 6

What is necrotic lesions that may appear as leukoplakias ?

Answer 6

• surface oral mucosa destroyed by chemicals
• Electrical
• Thermal
• Trauma

Question 7

Answer 7

Aspirin Burn/ necrotic lesion that appears as leukoplakias

Question 8

Answer 8

Nicotine Stomatitis

Question 9

What is hyperplasia?

Answer 9

• Proliferating, exuberant granulation tissue
• Dense fibrous connective tissue= fibrosis

Question 10

Answer 10

Hyperplasia

Question 11

What is metaplasia?

Answer 11

• Most common sequence is replacement of glandular epithelium with squamous epithelium
• Usually reversible if stimulus removed

Question 12

What is Dysplasia?

Answer 12

• Occurs msot commonly in hyperplastic squamous epithelium
• Can share many cytologic features with cancer
• Pre-cancerous lesion
• Most sever stage is CARCINOMA IN SITU

Question 13

What are neoplasia?

Answer 13

New growth of tissue that arises from existing tissue but grows

Question 14

What are the causes of neoplasia?

Answer 14

• chemicals
• ultraviolet/ionizing radiation
• viruses
• diet
• hormones

Question 15

What are the classifications of neoplasia as a benign tumor?

Answer 15

• Cells resemble tissue
• Slow growing
• Growth is encapsulated
• remains localized
• no metastasis

Question 16

What are the classification of neoplasia for a malignant tumor ?

Answer 16

• Cells are atypical
• Mitotic figures may be numerous
• Rapid growing
• Invasive unencapsulated
• Metastasis

Question 17

What are the stages of Development?

Answer 17

* Initiation- exposure to carcinogen
* Promotion- other factors that promotes the altered cell to multiply
* Progression- groups of cell develop into lesion, infiltrate adjacent tissue and metastasis to distant sites

Question 18

Carcinomas Vs Sarcoma

Answer 18

Carcinomas are more common than sarcomas

Question 19

Carcinomas Metastasize where?

Answer 19

Through the lymphatic system

Question 20

Sarcomas metastasize through?

Answer 20

THe circulatory system

Question 21

What are common signs of oral carcinoma?

Answer 21

• Erythema
• Ulceration or erosion
• Induration
• Fixation
• Failure to heal
• Lymphadenopathy
• Leukoplakia

Question 22

What are the different types of biopsy methods?

Answer 22

• exfoliative cytology
• brush biopsy
• vizilite
• velscope
• Identafi
• Incisional biopsy
• Excisional biopsy
• Needle biopsy

Question 23

Identafi is ?

Answer 23

Use of white, Violet and Amber light to detect abnormalities

Question 24

Incisional Biopsy

Answer 24

• Most common
• Take a part of a large lesion

Question 25

f

Excisional Biopsy

Answer 25

• Take the whole lesion out
• Done with small and likely benign

Question 26

What are the classifications of cancer?

Answer 26

• Staging: size, location lymph involvement spread.
• Treatment decisions based on stage
• TMN= Tumor sizes, nodes involved, metastases

Question 27

Oral Manifestations of Cancer

Answer 27

• Mucositis
• Xerostomia
• OSteonecrosis
• Trismus
• Dysgeusia
• Decrease in RBC WBC and platelets

Question 28

Dental Hygienists Role

Answer 28

• Oral evaluation prior to treatment
• eliminate any source of oral infection
• recommend saliva substitutes
• Recommend daily fluoride