Developmental Milestones 16.2.24

Question 1

What is an Apophysis?

Answer 1

Secondary ossification centre

Question 2

What does an Apophysis form?

Answer 2

Forms an insertion point for a ligament or tendon
It does not form direct articulation with another bone at a joint

Question 3

What is an Epiphysis?

Answer 3

Distal end of a long bone involved in articulation

Question 4

What age does the 5th Apophysis appear and fuse?

Answer 4

Apophysis of the 5th metatarsal base appears on X-rays
:Girls - age 10
:Boys - age 12

Fusion is usually within 2-4 years following

Question 5

Where is the Calcaneal Apophysis?
When does it appear and fuse?

Answer 5

The Apophysis for the posterior extremity of the calcareous appears at 10 years and unites after puberty

Question 6

What is sever disease in the Calcaneal Apophysis and what causes it?

Answer 6

Inflammation of the growth plate in the Calcaneal
Caused by repetitive stress tot he heel.
Common in active children

Question 7

What is the Geist classification used to classify?

Answer 7

Accessory navicular classification

= 3 types

Question 8

Where are the Metatarsal and metacarpal epiphysis found?

Answer 8

1st epiphyses are proximal
2nd - 5th are distal

Question 9

What is a Psuedoepiphysis?

Answer 9

A second ossification centre distinct from the normal epiphysis

Question 10

What is an Ivory epiphysis?

Answer 10

Sclerosis of the epiphyses - looks like ivory on X-ray

Question 11

What is a Cleft epiphysis?

Answer 11

A normal variant of an epiphysis - can be unilateral or bilateral

Often mistaken for a fracture

Question 12

What age does the Capitate appear?

Answer 12

1-3 months

Question 13

What age does the Hamate appear?

Answer 13

2-4 months

Question 14

What age does the Triquetrum appear?

Answer 14

2-3 years

Question 15

What age does the Lunate appear?

Answer 15

2-4 years

Question 16

What age does the Scaphoid appear?

Answer 16

4-6 years

Question 17

What age does the Trapezium appear?

Answer 17

4-6 years

Question 18

What age does the Trapezoid appear?

Answer 18

4-6 years

Question 19

What age does the Pisiform appear?

Answer 19

8-12 years

Question 20

Which landmark has several ossification centres which can mimic loose bodies with in the joint ?

Answer 20

Trochlea

Question 21

What age does the Capitellum appear?

Answer 21

2-24 months

Question 22

What age does the Radial head appear?

Answer 22

3-6 years

Question 23

What age does the Internal (medial) epicondyle appear?

Answer 23

4-7 years

Question 24

What age does the Trochlea appear?

Answer 24

8-10 years

Question 25

What age does the Olecranon appear?

Answer 25

8-10 years

Question 26

What age does the Lateral (external) epicondyle appear?

Answer 26

10-13 years

Question 27

What age does the Head of femur appear?

Answer 27

6 moths - 1 year

Question 28

What age does the Greater trochanter appear?

Answer 28

4 years

Question 29

What age does the Lesser trochanter appear?

Answer 29

12-14 years

Question 30

Above centres fuse with femoral shaft by age?

Answer 30

17-18 years

Question 31

What age does the Ischial-pubic ramus appear and unite?

Answer 31

Appears 6-8 years Unites 6-12 years

Question 32

What age does the Iliac crest ossification centre appear and unite?

Answer 32

Appears 14 years Unites by 19 years

Question 33

What age does the Tip of pubis appear?

Answer 33

14 years

Question 34

What age does the Tip of Ischium appear?

Answer 34

16 years

Question 35

At what age does the Acetabulum cap appears as tritadiate cartilage? What age does it unite?

Answer 35

13 years Unite by 20 years

Question 36

At what age does the Tridate cartilage united and appear as a cup?

Answer 36

15 years

Question 37

What age is DDH - Developmental dysplasia of the hip seen?

Answer 37

0 - 1 years

Question 38

What age is Perthes Disease seen? Which sex is it most commonly seen in ?

Answer 38

4 - 10 years More common in boys

Question 39

What age is SUFE - slipped upper femoral epiphysis seen? Which sex is it more commonly seen in?

Answer 39

11-16 years Boys more than girls

Question 40

What age does Ossification centres of both ends of the clavicle fuse?

Answer 40

Lateral end : 5 weeks in uteri Medial end : 15 years

Question 41

At what age does the Ossification centres of the proximal humerus fuse?

Answer 41

Diaphysis (shaft) : 8 weeks in utero Head : 1-6 months Greater tubercle : 1 year Lesser tubercle : 3-5 years

Question 42

At what age does the Ossification centres of the scapula appear? Body, Coracoid, glenoid, inferior angle, acromion and medial border

Answer 42

Body : 8 weeks in utero Coracoid process (2 centres) : 12 - 18 months Glenoid : 10-11 years Inferior angle : 14 - 20 years (puberty) Acromion ( 3 centres) : 14 - 20 years (puberty) Medial border : 14 - 20 years (puberty)

Question 43

What is the Os Acromiale? At what age does the acromion fuse?

Answer 43

Normal variant - unfused ossification centre of the acromion The acromion secondary ossification centre usually fuses by age 25

Question 44

What are the ossification centres of Vertebrae? What age does the C3-L5 ossification centres appear and fuse?

Answer 44

C3 - L5 have 5 ossification centres that appear at puberty and fuse by 25-30 - tip of the spinous process - at the tip of each transverse process - 2 as a ring epiphyses at the upper and lower surfaces of the vertebral bodies