Neural Bleeds Flashcards

1
Q

What does the frontal lobe control?

A

Executive functions,
Thinking
Planning
Organising
Problem solving
Emotions
Behaviour
Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the parietal lobe control?

A

Perception
Making sense of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the temporal lobe control?

A

Memory, understanding , language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many hemispheres does the cerebellum have and what’re is it located?

A

2 hemispheres
Infra tentorial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

Tough membranous structure - runs down the centre of the skill to provide support to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

Provides smooth, coordinated body movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is extra dural?

A

Between skull and dura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In extradural bleeds what is the blood?

A

Arterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the subdural space?

A

Between the dura and arachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In a sub dural bleed what is the blood?

A

Venous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the blood in a subarachnoid bleed?

A

Arterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Monro-Kellie hypothesis?

A

The total sum of the volumes of brain, CSF and Intracerebral blood is constant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some of the different types of brain herniation?

A
  • central herniation
  • intracerebral mass
  • cingulate herniation
  • uncal herniation
  • infratentorial herniation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the ventricles in the brain?

A

CSF is produced in the choroid plexus
- produces 400-700 mls a day

Circulation
Protects / acts as a buffer
Removes metabolic waste
Maintains homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is acute haemorrhage hyperdense on CT?

A

Normal blood is 56 HU
Acute haemorrhage / clot has a higher protien concentration due to the high haemoglobin levels so a different HU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do we classify bleeds? - by location? (2)

A

Intra-axial
Extra- axial

17
Q

What are the subtypes of extra-axial bleeds? (4)

A

Extra dural
Subdural
Subarachnoid
Intraventricular

(Essentially bleeds outside of the brain matter)

18
Q

What are the subtypes of intra-axial haemorrhage?

A

Intra-cerebral haemorrhage (inside the brain matter)

  • lobar
  • Pontine (pons)
  • Basal ganglia
  • Cerebellar
19
Q

What are extra-dural bleeds?

A

Lentiform in shape - (aka lemon shape)
Arterial
Traumatic
Associated with skull fracture sites
Does NOT cross suture lines
Most common location - temporal bones

20
Q

What are subdural bleeds?

A

Venous
Can cross suture lines
Common in either elderly or young (can be associated with NAI), alcoholics, those on anticoagulants and with frequent falls

Crescent or banana shaped

21
Q

What is the injury called when there is a injury to the brain after it has been impacted onto the opposite side to the injury site?

A

Contrecoup injury = opposite side

Coup = same side

22
Q

What does brain oedema mean? How does it appear on CT and what are some of the common causes?

A

Abnormal shifts of water across various compartments of the brain parenchyma

Appears dark on CT - dark rings around bleeds

May be due to trauma, stroke, tumour or abscess

23
Q

What areas do Cytotoxic injuries affect?
What are some of the common causes

A

They affect both white and grey matter

Commonly caused by strokes

24
Q

What areas of the brain does vasogenic injures affect?

A

Only the white matter is affected - grey matter is usually normal

Commonly caused by tumour or abscess

25
Q

What is a diffuse axonal injury?

A
  • Severe form of TBI due to shearing forces -
    The Brains long connecting nerve fibres (axons) are torn after the brain is shifted and rotated within the skull

Usually diagnosed on MRI

Poor prognosis - sportive care only