Developmental Psychology

Question 1

Nature Vs Nurture

Answer 1

Experiences or maturation

Question 2

Stability vs Change

Answer 2

To what extent are behaviours constant over the life span

Question 3

Continuity vs Stages

Answer 3

Continuity suggests that change is uniform and gradual

- Stage theory suggests that change occurs in phases / stages

Question 4

Teratogem

Answer 4

Environment substances that can cause birth defects

Question 5

Motor Milestones / infants

Answer 5

Early movement is limited

- Infant vision is poor at birth

Question 6

Functionality of senses

Answer 6

Hearing, smell, touch and pain are all functional at birth

- Infants are capable or producing a range of responses

Question 7

Attachment

Answer 7

An active, emotional relationship between two people that endures over time

Question 8

Harlows Monkeys

Answer 8

Would always seek out the cloth mother over the wire mother as it is more comfortable?? and you spend more time with the cloth mother

Question 9

Attachment Behavours

Answer 9

Phase 1: 0-8 weeks, indiscriminate social response

Phase 2: 2-7months, discriminate social responsiveness, orientates and signals to 1 or more persons

Phase 3: 8 months - 2 years, focused attachment, wary of strangers

Phase 4: 2-3 Years, development of partnership and mutuality

Phase 5: School age, relationship based on trust, affection and approval

Question 10

Functions of Attachment

Answer 10

Ensure infants survival
Promote a working model of relationships
Attachment figure provides a secure base from which the infant can explore and learn

Question 11

Piaget anmd Cognition

Answer 11

Cognitive reasoning is primitive at birth and gets better as one gets older

Question 12

Schemas

Answer 12

Basic units of intellect

• Organisation of ideas
• Idea about what something is and how to deal with it

Question 13

Cognitive Adaption

Answer 13

Assimilation allows an existing schema to adapt to the environment

Accommodation allows the schema to change in order to handle a new environmental situation

Question 14

Scheme

Answer 14

Mental Process
Associated with labelling and naming
guides behaviour

Question 15

Cognitive Development Stages

Answer 15

Sensorimotor Period: Birth-2 years
Simple schemes inc. interaction with people and objects

Pre-operational Period: 2-7, begin to use mental representations but problem solving is limited

Concrete Operations: 7-11, Performs mental operations

Formal Operations: 12-Adult, can use formal problem solving and higher level abstract thinking

Question 16

Ego- Centrism

Answer 16

Refers to the incapacity of the child to see or adopt others perspectives

Question 17

Pre-causal Reasoning

Answer 17

Absence of true mental operations precludes cause and effect reasoning

Question 18

Conservation

Answer 18

Ability to recognise that a given quantity, weight, or volume remains the same despite changes in shape, length, position

Question 19

Temperament

Answer 19

Thomas and chess categorise infants into 3 types:

Easy: Happy relaxed and agreeable (40%)

Difficult: Moody, easily frustrated, over-reactive (15%)

Slow to Warm up: Shy, withdrawn (15%)