Intelligence / Cognition

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

Suggested that it is a single, general ability
Range of aptitudes, skills and talents
The global capacity to act purposely, to think rationally and deal effectively with the environment

Question 2

Mensa

Answer 2

High IQ society

Question 3

History of intelligence: Sir Francis Galton

Answer 3

First people to study intelligence
Influenced by Darwin
Believed intelligence can be influenced by tests
Correlation, regression

• said that success runs in families
  great intelligence is passed from one generation to another through genetic inheritance

Question 4

History of Intelligence: Charles Spearman

Answer 4

Assumed a single general intelligence measure reflected a person’s mental capacity

G = General intelligence
- High scores on one test may signify high scores on another

• Two Factor Theory:
• S = specific ability or specific intelligence
• G = General capability

Question 5

History of Intelligence: Alfred Binet

Answer 5

Alfred Binet
Went through memory measurements

• A test was required to find ‘retarded’ children
• Children were meant to hit benchmarks
• The test outcomes were defined in terms of intellectual deficits
• Developed concept of mental age

Question 6

David Weschler

Answer 6

Developed the empirical model of intelligence

• Empirical; based on observation on experiment, not on theory
• Considered that tests must be related to behaviours
• WAIS : Adult Intelligence
  Wisc ; Intelligence scale for children
  WPPSI ; Preschool

Question 7

Multiple Intelligences

Answer 7

Howard Gardner (1983)
- Believed intelligence was more than just solving problems as children learn in different ways 

• Also involved being able to produce things that are relevant for particular settings
• We each have several kinds of intelligences

Question 8

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 8

Daniel Golman

• Ability to understand your own / others emotions
• High Emotional Q = superior interpersonal skills

Question 9

Group vs Individual testing

Answer 9

individual tests: clinical purposes and educational purposes e.g learning difficulties or hearing difficulties

Group Tests: screening purposes

• to get information about group of people in short period of time
• aptitude/ interest tests

Question 10

Cultural Bias

Answer 10

Intelligence testing accused of showing bias, it was created for white, educated middle class children

• questions were developed by white educated middle class psychologists
• therefore minority groups have lower test scores hence ‘ less intelligent’