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NCLEX: Mark Klimek Lectures > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

what is diabetes insipidus

A
  • polyuria & polydipsia leading to dehydration due to low ADH
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2
Q

what is SIADH

A
  • opposite of DI
  • oliguria, no polydipsia
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3
Q

what is DM

A
  • error of glucose metabolism
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4
Q

what are symptoms of DI

A
  • polyuria
  • polydipsia
  • polyphagia
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5
Q

what is the treatment for DM1

A
  • diet
  • insulin **
  • exercise
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6
Q

what is the treatment for DM2

A
  • diet**
  • oral hypoglycemics
  • exercise
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7
Q

what is the best diet modification for DM

A
  • cal restriction
  • then 6 small meals a day
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8
Q

what is the fnxn of insulin

A
  • lowers BG
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9
Q

what are 4 types of insulin

A
  • insulin R
  • intermediate
  • long acting
  • rapid acting
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10
Q

what is the onset, peak, and duration of insulin R

A
  • onset: 1 h
  • peak: 2h
  • duration: 4h
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11
Q

what is the onset, peak, and duration of NPH

A
  • onset: 6 hr
  • peak: 8-10h
  • duration: 12h
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12
Q

what is a type of intermediate insulin

A

NPH

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13
Q

what is a type of rapid insulin

A
  • humalog/lispro
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14
Q

what is the onset, peak, and duration of humalog/lispro

A
  • onset: 15 min
  • peak: 30 min
  • duration: 3h
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15
Q

humalog/lispro is given when?

A
  • with meals
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16
Q

what is a type of long acting insulin

A
  • no peak
  • duration: 12-24 hr
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17
Q

what is the one type of insulin that can be given IV

A

regular

18
Q

what is key to do before giving insulin

A
  • check the expiration date
19
Q

what is the one thing that invalidates the manufacturer’s expirary date on insulin?

A
  • opening it –> becomes 30 days after
20
Q

what impact does exercise have on BG

A
  • decreases it
21
Q

what impact does illness & stress have on BG

A
  • increases it
22
Q

what is important for a person with DM to do when theyre sick

A
  • still take insulin, even if not eating –> stress & illness increases BG
  • drink water (r/o dehydration
  • stay active (to decrease BG)
23
Q

what are 3 complicati9ons of DM

A
  • hypoglycemic shock
  • DKA
  • HHS
24
Q

what can cause hypoglycemic shock

A
  • not eating enough
  • too much insulin
  • too much exercise
25
Q

what is a key danger associated with hypoglycemic shock

A
  • permanent brain damage
26
Q

what are S&S of hypoglyecmia

A

(think “ drunk in shock”, will show symptoms of drunkness and shock)

  • staggering
  • slurring speech
  • impaired judgment
  • decreased rxn time
  • labile emotions
  • decreased BP
  • tachycardia
  • tachypnea
  • cold, pale, clammy skin
27
Q

what is the treatment for hypoglycemic shock

A
  • rapid metabolizing carbs (sugar) with a starch
  • if unconscious: glucagon IM, IV D10 or D50
28
Q

what is DKA

A
  • ++ increased BG in DM1
29
Q

what can cause DKA

A
  • diet
  • decreased insulin
  • low exercise
  • acute, viral, upper resp infection in the last 2 weeks
30
Q

what are S&S of DKA

A

(think D.K.A)

Dehydration (and all the signs of dehydration: HA, thready pulse, increased temp, dry, hot, and flushed skin)

Ketones, Kussmaul, and increased K+

Acidosis, Acetone breath, Anorexia (d/t nausea)

31
Q

what is treatment for DKA

A
  • IV fluids
  • regular insulin
32
Q

what is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

A
  • ++ increased BG in DM2
33
Q

HHS leads to..

A
  • dehydration (no ketones)

(therefore answer like it’s dehydration for symptoms & treatment)

34
Q

what is the treatment of HHS

A
  • fluids
  • rehydrate
35
Q

long term complications of DM is due to..

A
  • poor tissue perfusion
  • peripheral neuropathy
36
Q

what are examples of long term complciations of DM

A
  • renal failure
  • ulcers, gangrene
  • heart disease
  • brain disease
37
Q

what is the best indicator of long-term BG control

A
  • HA1C
38
Q

what is normal HA1C

A

<6

39
Q

what is abormal HA1C

A

> 8

40
Q
A

NCLEX: Mark Klimek Lectures (20 decks)

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