Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards
what is the general principle for ___kalemia symptoms
kalemias do the same as the prefix except for HR & urine output
ex. with hyperkalemia, everything is high except HR & urine output
what are examples of hyperkalemia symptoms
- low HR
- low urine output
- irritable
- agitation
- restlessness
- tachypnea
- T waves tall
- S waves elevated
- borborygmi
- diarrhea
- spasticity
- increased tone
- +3, +4 reflexes
- cardiac arrets
what are examples of hypokalemia symptoms
- lethargy
- polyuria
- increased HR
- paralytic ileus
- constipation
- flaccid
- 0,1 reflexes
potassium greatly impacts which organ in specific
- heart
can K+ be given IV push? what is the max conc for IV?
- cannot be given push
- no more than 40mmol/L
what is treatment for hyperkalemia? which is fast & temporary vs slow and lasts longer?
- D5W with regular insulin (fast, temporary)
- kayexalate (takes longer, but lasts longer)
what is the general principle for symptoms of ____calcemia
- your body does the opposite of the prefix
ex. hypercalcemia = everything low, and vice versa
in addition to everything being up with hypocalcemia, what other symptoms occur?
- chovostek (tap cheek to illicit face spasm)
- trousseau sign (BP cuff inflated = hand spasm)
what does calcium imbalances most impact?
- muscle & nerves
what is the general principle for symptoms of magnesium imbalances? what is the one exception?
opposite of the prefix
- exception: increased BP with hypomagnesium
what is tetany
low calcium
what should you think of when you hear hypernatremia
- dehydration
what are signs of hypernatremia
- signs of dehydration
what is treatment of hypernatremia
- fluids
what should you think of when you hear hyponatremia
- fluid overload
