Diabetes + Its Control

Question 1

What are the two causes of uncontrolled blood glucose concentration in diabetes?

(lack/unresp. - insulin)

Answer 1

1. lack of insulin
2. responsiveness to insulin

Question 2

What are the two types of diabetes and state whether they are dependent on insulin

Answer 2

Type I (insulin dependent) and Type II (insulin independent)

Question 3

What is the cause of Type I diabetes?

(bod - unprod. insulin - imm. sys. - B cells - IoL)

Answer 3

The body is unable to produce insulin because the immune system attacks B cells of the islets of Langerhans

Question 4

At what age does Type I diabetes usually develop?

Answer 4

Normally begins in childhood

Question 5

How quickly does Type I diabetes develop?

Answer 5

Develops quickly, usually over a few weeks

Question 6

What is the main cause of Type II diabetes?

(bod cel - loss - gly. rec. or unrep - insulin)

Answer 6

Body cells lose their glycoprotein receptors or unresponsiveness to insulin

Question 7

What is another possible cause of Type II diabetes besides insulin resistance?

Answer 7

An inadequate supply of insulin from the pancreas

Question 8

Who is most likely to develop Type II diabetes?

Answer 8

Usually people over 40

Question 9

How does Type II diabetes develop?

Answer 9

Develops slowly

Question 10

What is the link between body weight and Type II diabetes?

Answer 10

Overweight individuals are particularly likely to develop Type II diabetes

Question 11

How is Type I diabetes controlled?

Answer 11

By insulin injections

Question 12

Why can’t insulin be taken orally?

Answer 12

Insulin is a protein which would be digested in the alimentary canal

Question 13

How is blood glucose concentration monitored in Type I diabetes?

Answer 13

Using biosensors

Question 13

Why must the dose of insulin be matched to glucose intake?

(prev. - low bld gluc - hypoglycaemia - unconc.)

Answer 13

To prevent low blood glucose concentration (hypoglycaemia) which can lead to unconsciousness

Question 14

How is Type II diabetes usually controlled?

(reg carb in + exer. lvls)

Answer 14

By regulating carbohydrate intake and matching it to exercise levels

Question 15

What additional treatment may be used for Type II diabetes?

1. Ins. inj.
2. Excitatory drugs
3. Inhibitory drugs

Answer 15

1. Insulin injections
2. Using drugs that stimulate insulin production
3. Using drugs that slow the rate of glucose absorption from the intestine