Diabetes Management Flashcards
(18 cards)
Diabetes type 2
Non-insulin dependent
Exogenous insulin: subcutaneous injection using rotating sites and checking blood sugars regularly
-anti diabetic drugs
-adjunctive therapies
Signs/symptoms of diabetes
Polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, DKA Combined with one: -plasma glucose >200 mg/dL -fasting plasma glucose > 126 -2 hour plasma glucose >200
Insulin mechanism of action
Mimics normal insulin, allows sugar to move into cells
-2 amino acid chains linked by 2 disulfide bridges
Insulin side effects
Hypoglycemia, weight gain, lipodystrophy
Hypoglycemia symptoms
Complication of diabetes treatment
Anxiety, blurred vision, palpitations, shakiness, slurred speech, sweating
Hypoglycemia treatment
- Glucose/simple sugars: 3-4 glucose tablets, 1/2 can soda (not diet)
- Glucagon injection- 1 mg, may repeat in 20 mins
Thiazolidinediones use
Used in highly insulin-resistant patients, no risk of hypoglycemia
Thiazolidinediones mechanism of action
Binds to perioxisome proliferator- activated receptor in muscle, fat and liver to decrease insulin resistance-> decreases plasma insulin
Thiazolidinediones side effects
Weight gain and edema
Meformin use
Preferred agent for type 2 diabetes, convent daily dosing, well established effectiveness
Meformin mechanism of action
Decreases endogenous hepatic production of glucose to decrease plasma insulin
Meformin side effects
Weight loss, need to monitor renal function
DM and diet
Energy balance, exercise, low carb, low fat, calorie restricted diet
BP and DM
Reduce BP to
DM and anti platelet agents
Low dose aspirin to prevent ischemic events
Adjunct therapy of DM
Smoking cessation, CVD screening, diabetic neuropathy screening, eye exams, monitor kidney function
DM and dyslipidemia
Pt with DM 2 should receive moderate to high intensity statin, encourage weight loss, high fiber, omega 3 fatty acids
Diabetes type 1
Insulin dependent
Insulin- stimulates peripheral blood glucose uptake and inhibits hepatic glucose production
-use adjunctive therapies
