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Flashcards in Respiratory Deck (30)
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1
Q

Beta-adrenergic agonists mechanism of action

A

Bronchodilator that acts on B-2 receptors on respiratory smooth muscle cells to cause relaxation and bronchodilation

2
Q

Beta adrenergic agonists- route of admin

A
  • inhalation (rapid acting)

- metered-dose inhalers (MDI), dry powder inhalers, nebulizers

3
Q

Beta adrenergic agonists side effects

A

Airway irritation, nervousness, restlessness, tremor, increased HR

4
Q

Xanthine derivatives -mechanism of action

A

Bronchodilator; CNS stimulant for reversible airway obstruction (bronchitis, emphysema), works on smooth muscle to dilate but also anti-inflammatory (inhibits phosphordiesterase enzyme)

5
Q

Xanthine derivatives- admin

A

Orally

6
Q

Xanthine derivatives side effects

A
  • theophylline toxicity- nausea, confusion, irritability, seizures, arrhythmia as
  • serious life threatening effects
  • avoid long term use
  • not used frequently anymore
7
Q

Anti-cholinergics mechanism of action

A

Bronchodilator; blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors to prevent acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction

8
Q

Anti-cholinergics - use/ admin

A
  • drug of choice for COPD, chronic bronchitis

- inhaled for respiratory disorders

9
Q

Anti-cholinergics side effects

A

Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, confusion, blurred vision (less likely w/ inhaled)

10
Q

Lukotriene inhibitors use

A

Anti inflammatory; used w/ glucocorticoids for optimal COPD / asthma management

11
Q

Lukotriene Inhibitors mechanism of action

A

Inhibit lipooxygenase enzyme to dec. airway inflammation

12
Q

Leukotriene inhibitors side effects

A

Mild liver impairment

13
Q

Cromones- use/ admin

A
  • used prophylactically to prevent asthma, esp in children

- nasal spray/nebulizer

14
Q

Cromones- mechanism of action

A

Anti-inflammatory; inhibit inflammatory mediators from pulmonary mast cells

15
Q

Cromones side effects

A

Free of serious effects, infrequently used

16
Q

Glucocorticoids use

A

-most effective for controlling asthma

17
Q

Glucocorticoids mechanism of action

A

Anti-inflammatory; inhibits pro inflammatory proteins and promotion of anti-inflammatory proteins, inhibit migration of neutrophils and monocytes

18
Q

Glucocorticoids side effects

A
  • decreased if inhaled (ex. Thrush), avoid prolonged oral use
  • thrush, catabolic effect on tissues (osteoporosis, skin/muscle wasting), aggravation of diabetes mellitus, HTN
19
Q

Antitussives use

A

Short term for suppressing coughing, used w/ acetaminophen

Questionable efficacy

20
Q

Decongestants- MOA

A

Alpha 1 adrenergic agonists that stimulate nasal vasoconstriction

21
Q

Decongestants side effects

A
CNS excitation (HA, dizziness, nervousness, HTN, palpitations)
-rebound congestion when used long term
22
Q

Acetylcysteine use

A

Expectorant/mucolyticis used with other decongestants or antihistamines A

23
Q

Acetylcysteine MOA

A

Breaks disulfide bonds of mucoproteins, less viscous

24
Q

Guaifenesin MOA

A

Expectorant; increases production of pulmonary secretions, encouraging ejection

25
Q

Guaifenesin side effect

A

GI upset

26
Q

Antihistamine MOA

A

Blocks H1 receptors to decrease nasal congestion, mucosal irritation, discharge (rhinitis, sinusitis) and conjunctivitis

27
Q

Antihistamine side effects

A

Can cross BBB- sedation

28
Q

COPD

A

Obstructive pulm disease- flow impacted, difficulty exhaling (air trapped in lungs)

29
Q

COPD management

A

Prevent airway restriction, maintain patency= anticholinergics/beta-adrenergic blockers
Short term: oral glucocorticoids

30
Q

Meds for exercise induced asthma

A
  • long acting beta agonist with rapid acting agonist
  • combined preparations (glucocorticoid + bronchodilator)
  • rescue inhaler as backup