Intro

Question 1

Angiotensin Receptor blocker suffix

Answer 1

-sartan

Question 2

Calcium channel blocker suffix

Answer 2

-pine

Question 3

Beta blocker suffix

Answer 3

-olol

Question 4

Dose definition

Answer 4

Amount of drug administered in a given formulation

Question 5

In a dose-response curve, the response is ______ to the number of ______ ________ by the drug and it is not always _______

Answer 5

proportional, receptors occupied, linear

Question 6

In a dose-response curve, response is affected by _________ and __________

Answer 6

Affinity and receptor signal transmission

Question 7

In a dose-response curve, the curve represents the __________ over which the drug is ___________ and the _____ _____ or the response that can be expected

Answer 7

Dosage, effective, peak effect

Question 8

Threshold dose

Answer 8

Where response begins & increases in magnitude until a response plateau is reached

Question 9

Ceiling effect

Answer 9

The point at which there is no further response (even if dosage increases)

Question 10

Potency & high potency

Answer 10

• threshold dose that produces a given response

- higher potency means less dose required for response

Question 11

Efficacy

Answer 11

Dose ranges over which drug has desired effect

-response increases as dosage increases

Question 12

First pass effect

Definition and what route experiences this?

Answer 12

• metabolism/destruction of drug in liver before reaching site of action
• enteral (oral) meds experience, paraenteral meds don’t (bypass GI)

Question 13

Bioavailability

Definition

Answer 13

% of drug administered that reaches bloodstream

Question 14

Bioavailability

Depends on:

Answer 14

1. Route of administration
2. Drugs ability to cross membrane barriers
3. Extent of first pass mechanism

Question 15

Volume of distribution

Definition

Answer 15

Amount of drug administered/ concentration of drug in plasma

Question 16

If Vd= total amount of body H20

Answer 16

Uniform body distribution

Question 17

If Vd> total body H20

Answer 17

Drug is being concentrated in tissues

Question 18

If Vd

Answer 18

Drug is being retained in bloodstream

Question 19

Distribution

Definition

Answer 19

Moving the drug throughout the body

Question 20

Volume of distribution depends on:

Answer 20

1. Tissue permeability
2. Blood flow
3. Plasma protein binding
4. Sub cellular protein binding

Question 21

Vd and tissue permeability

Answer 21

Highly lipid soluble molecules cross membrane more easily

Question 22

Vd and blood flow

Answer 22

Bloodstream carries drugs to highly perfused organs

Question 23

Negative venule pressure pulls drug from ____ back to _____.

Positive arteriole pressure draws drugs from ____ to _____

Answer 23

Tissues, blood

Blood, tissues

Question 24

Vd and plasma protein binding

Answer 24

Inactive= drug is bound to plasma protein and can't leave blood
Active= drug is free and can go to tissues

Question 25

Subcellular protein binding

Answer 25

Drug gets trapped w/in cell (usually lysosome)

Question 26

Metabolism of drug occurs in

Answer 26

Primarily liver | Lungs, kidneys, GI, skin

Question 27

Factors affecting metabolism

Answer 27

1. Tissue/organ damage 2. Metabolic inhibitors 3. Enzyme induction

Question 28

Competitive inhibition

Answer 28

Inhibition of the enzyme that metabolizes drug B by drug A, decreases metabolism of drug B

Question 29

Induction of metabolism

Answer 29

Induction of the enzyme that metabolizes drug B by drug A, increases metabolism of drug B by increasing enzyme quantity

Question 30

Elimination/Biotransformation

Answer 30

Chemical altering of a drug to metabolize via enzymes to deactivate the drug

Question 31

Oxidation

Answer 31

Usual method of elimination, phase 1 reaction | -via endoplasmic smooth reticulum via enzymes (O2, H)

Question 32

Reduction

Answer 32

Phase 1 reaction of elimination | In cell cytoplasm via enzymes (O2, H)

Question 33

Hydrolysis

Answer 33

Original compound is broken into parts via enzymes, phase 1 elimination

Question 34

Conjugation

Answer 34

Phase 2 elimination reaction | -phase 1 metabolite joins another compound for excretion via enzymes on ER and in cytoplasm

Question 35

Excretion | Definition & occurs at

Answer 35

Eliminating active form of drug, units of mL/min suggest drug is being removed from specific volume of blood occurs at kidneys

Question 36

Factors affecting excretion

Answer 36

Reabsorption, polarity (polar, ionized drug excreted and non-polar drugs reabsorbed), blood flow to organ, extraction ratio, concentration

Question 37

Clearance | Definition & dependent on:

Answer 37

Ability of organs to clear a drug | Dependent on: organ ability to extract drug from plasma and perfusion

Question 38

Half life

Answer 38

Amount of time required for 50% of drug remaining in body to be eliminated

Question 39

Half life dependent on

Answer 39

Clearance and volume of distribution

Question 40

Oral administration

Answer 40

Enteral, easiest for self administration, safe/controlled entry to system -drug must have high lipid solubility, undergoes first pass effect Ex: oral, sublingual, rectal

Question 41

Oral administration disadvantages

Answer 41

Limited or erratic absorption of some drugs

Question 42

Transdermal administration

Answer 42

Bypasses GI and first pass effect, more direct, more predictable quantity Ex: injection, IV, sub-q, IM, TD, topical, inhaled

Question 43

Transdermal disadvantages

Answer 43

Drug must be able to pass through intact dermal layers

Question 44

Continuous administration

Answer 44

Matching the rate of administration w/ the rate of elimination once the desired plasma concentration is achieved

Question 45

Interval administration

Answer 45

Dosage is adjusted to provide an average plasma concentration over the dosing period -interval will affect size of dosage needed to maintain same relative plasma concentration

Question 46

ACE Inhibitor suffix

Answer 46

-pril