dietary risk factors

Question 1

Under-consumption of vegetables no. 1

Answer 1

veg are nutrient dense (such as vit C) which promote immune system function and reduce the risk of conditions like cancer. therefore the
Underconsumption of veg may increase the risk of conditions like cancer.

mortality

YLL, premature death

Question 2

Under-consumption of vegetables no. 2

Answer 2

Veg contain antioxidants which decrease the impacts of free radicals. This decreases the risk of cancers and CVD. Therefore, underconsumption of veg increases the risk of these conditions.

mortality

YLL, premature death

Question 3

Under-consumption of vegetables no. 3

Answer 3

fibre is found in veg and adds bulk to the feces and cleanses the digestive system. This helps to reduce colorectal cancer. Therefore, the underconsumption of vegetables can increase the risk of colorectal cancer

mortality

YLL, premature death

Question 4

Under-consumption of vegetables no. 4

Answer 4

fiber also makes you feel full for longer and maintains a healthy body weight, reducing the risk of obesity and conditions like cancer and type 2 diabetes. Therefore the underconsumption of veg leads to an increase of conditions such as cvd and type 2 diabetes.

morbidity

YLD, disease

Question 5

Good food sources:

Answer 5

brussel sprouts

cauliflower

corn

carrots

beets

broccoli

Question 6

Under-consumption of fruit

Answer 6

exact same as veg

Question 7

Good food sources:

Answer 7

raspberries

mangoes

avocado

berries

Question 8

Under-consumption of dairy foods

Answer 8

dairy refers to animal milk and products created from animal milk, including cheese and yogurt.

osteoporosis, calcium works to increase bone density and prevents conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Therefore the underconsumption of dairy can increase the risk of conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis.

morbidity

YLD, disease

Question 9

Under-consumption of dairy foods no. 2

Answer 9

dairy strengthens teeth through calcium which helps prevent dental caries. Therefore an underconsumption of dairy means teeth are not as strong as they could be, increasing the risk of dental caries.

morbidity

YLD, disease

Question 10

Good food sources:

Answer 10

cheese

yoghurt

milk

Question 11

High intake of fat

Answer 11

All types of fat are energy dense as fat contains 37 kilojoules/gram

High intake of saturated fats increases low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol(lousy cholesterol). This speeds up the process of atherosclerosis and CVD.

mortality

YLL, premature death

Question 12

High intake of fat no. 2

Answer 12

All fats can be used as a fuel source for energy production and will contribute to weight gain if the energy provided by them is not used. excessive consumption of fat can contribute to high body mass index and CVD.

morbidity

YLD, disease

Question 13

High intake of fat no. 3

Answer 13

diets high in saturated fats have been shown to change the composition of cell membranes, which can interfere with the transport of glucose into the cell, increasing the impact of impaired glucose regulation and the risk of type 2 diabetes.

morbidity

YLD, disease

Question 14

Food sources (for each):

Answer 14

saturated fats
cakes
butter or cream

monounsaturated + polyunsaturated fats
avocado
nuts
seeds

trans fats
baked goods (cookies and cakes)
fried foods

Question 15

High intake of salt

Answer 15

sodium draws fluid out of the cells into the bloodstream, increasing blood volume (amount of blood) increasing pressure, leading to hypertension and CVD.

mortality

YLL, premature death

Question 16

High intake of salt no. 2

Answer 16

Too much sodium causes calcium to be secreted in the urine, therefore decreasing bone density putting us at an increased risk of osteoporosis.

morbidity

YLD, disease

Question 17

Foods high in salt:

Answer 17

chips

processed meats:

meat pies

sausage rolls

cheese

Question 18

High intake of sugar

Answer 18

sugars are a type of carbohydrate found naturally in some foods such as fruit, and added to many processed foods such as energy drinks.

sugars are required as a fuel for energy production but, if consumed in excess, they are stored as fat tissue. Over time, this can lead to weight gain and high BMI and type 2 diabetes.

morbidity

YLD, disease

Question 19

High intake of sugar no. 2

Answer 19

sugars provide a food source for bacteria in the mouth. These bacteria produce acids that can contribute to dental decay and the development of dental caries.

morbidity

YLD, disease

Question 20

Foods high in sugar:

Answer 20

soft drinks and cordials

ice creams and other desserts

ketchup and sauces

Question 21

Low intake of fibre

Answer 21

fibre adds bulk to the feces and cleanses the digestive system. Therefore, the underconsumption of fibre can increase the risk of colorectal cancer.

mortality

YLL, premature death

Question 22

Low intake of fibre no. 2

Answer 22

fibre also makes you feel full for longer and maintains a healthy body weight, reducing the risk of obesity and conditions like cancer and type 2 diabetes. Therefore the underconsumption of fibre leads to an increase of conditions such as cvd and type 2 diabetes.

morbidity

YLD, disease

Question 23

Low intake of fibre no. 3

Answer 23

In the digestive system, soluble fibre attaches to particles of LDL cholesterol and helps to excrete them, decreasing levels of cholesterol in the body. Therefore an underconsumption of fibre can lead to an increased rate of cholesterol absorption increasing the risk of CVD.

mortality

DALY

Question 24

Good food sources:

Answer 24

fruit and vegetables

legumes; lentils, peas

soy products (soy milk)

Question 25

Low intake of iron

Answer 25

Iron is an essential part of blood, iron forms the ‘haem’ part of the hemoglobin, which is the oxygen carrying part of the blood. Therefore an underconsumption of iron may develop an iron deficiency anemia, characterized by tiredness and weakness.

morbidity

YLD, disease

Question 26

Good food sources:

Answer 26

red meat