Diffusion

Question 1

Gradient

Answer 1

a slope; an increase or decrease in the magnitude of a
property (e.g. temperature, pressure, concentration) observed in
passing from one point or moment to another

Question 2

concentration gradient

Answer 2

the difference in concentration of an ion or
other substance from one location to another, often across a
membrane

Question 3

What do diffusion rates depend on

Answer 3

size and mass of the molecules or ions diffusing (smaller = faster)
* temperature of the solution (↑temp = ↑energy = ↑rate)
* density of the solution (↑density of the solution = ↓rate)
* concentration gradient (↑[ ] gradient = ↑rate)
* area and distance (↑surface area = ↑rate; ↓distance =↑rate)

Question 4

osmosis

Answer 4

the diffusion of water
across a selectively permeable
membrane from a region of high
water concentration (low solute
concentration) to a region of low
water concentration (high solute
concentration)

Question 5

Hypertonic Solutions:

Answer 5

ontain a high concentration of solute
relative to another solution (e.g. the cell’s cytoplasm). When
a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water diffuses
out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel

Question 6

Hypotonic Solutions:

Answer 6

contain a low concentration of solute
relative to another solution (e.g. the cell’s cytoplasm). When
a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffuses
into the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode

Question 7

Isotonic Solutions:

Answer 7

contain the same concentration of solute
as another solution (e.g. the cell’s cytoplasm). When a cell is
placed in an isotonic solution, the water diffuses into and
out of the cell at the same rate. The fluid that surrounds the
body cells is isotonic.