Digestion

Question 1

Where is bile secreted

Answer 1

Secreted in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Question 2

what is the purpose of bile

Answer 2

to digest/ emulsify fats. bile breaks fat into small balls so that its easier for digestion

Question 3

where is trypsinogen secreted

Answer 3

trypsinogen is secreted in the pancreas

Question 4

what is the purpose of trypsinogen

Answer 4

Trypsinogen is used to digest proteins once it is converted to trypsin.

Question 5

Where is amylase secreted

Answer 5

Amylase is secreted by the exocrine glands in the mouth (salivary glands)

Question 6

what is the purpose of amylase

Answer 6

amylase digest carbohydrates

Question 7

what do chief cells secrete

Answer 7

chief cells secrete inactive pepsinogen

Question 8

how does pepsinogen get activated

Answer 8

pepsinogen is activated to pepsin when mixed with hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Question 9

which cells secrete hydrogen and chloride ions

Answer 9

Parietal cells secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen (cavity) of the stomach

Question 10

what would happen if inhibition of bile salts were to occur

Answer 10

a lower amount of lipids would be digested.

Question 11

why does an increase of antacids cause indigestion

Answer 11

a rise in pH causes less pepsinogen to be activated.

Question 12

constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that

Answer 12

promotes more water reabsorption in the large intestine

Question 13

what does a speed up movement of material in the large intestine cause

Answer 13

this results in diarrhea because its not in the large intestine long enough for enough water reabsorption to occur

Question 14

what does a decrease of water reabsorption in the small intestine do

Answer 14

water does not get absorbed in small intestine

Question 15

what gets absorbed in small intestine

Answer 15

Nutrients

Question 16

Where is the duodenum

Answer 16

the beginning of the small intestines

Question 17

what is the function of the duodenum

Answer 17

It is the site of most digestion

Question 18

where in the small intestine do nutrients get absorbed

Answer 18

The middle (jejunum) and the end (ileum) are the sites where 90% of nutrients are absorbed

Question 19

where does water reabsorption occur

Answer 19

in the large intestine

Question 20

a person that develops a malfunction in their large intestine will have problems with what

Answer 20

water reabsorption

Question 21

if someone is having trouble with absorbing nutrients with food, what is being affected

Answer 21

there is a problem with the small intestines

Question 22

if someone is having trouble secreting bile what is being affected

Answer 22

the liver

Question 23

If someone is having trouble digesting proteins and other nutrients what is being affected.

Answer 23

Both pepsin and trypsin digest proteins because they are proteases. Pepsin is produced in stomach, trypsin in the pancreas

Question 24

What is the function of chylomicrons

Answer 24

transport lipids from the intestine to other organs

Question 25

what does a a carbohydrate rich meal increase and stimulate in the body

Answer 25

Insulin will increase promoting the intake of glucose from the blood

Question 26

Kwashiorkor is caused by the degradation of what

Answer 26

Proteins

Question 27

what do digestive processes use to facilitate digestion

Answer 27

They use water molecules when breaking bonds (hydrolysis)

Question 28

Are trypsin and pepsin produced as zymogens?

Answer 28

Yes, this means they are produced as an inactive form. Trypsinogen and Pepsinogen.

Question 29

Does pepsin function in acidic or basic pH levels

Answer 29

Acidic pH

Question 30

Does trypsin function in acidic or basic pH levels

Answer 30

Basic pH

Question 31

Where is pepsin produced

Answer 31

The stomach

Question 32

Where is trypsin produced

Answer 32

The pancreas

Question 33

What prevents chyme from entering into the esophagus

Answer 33

Spincter at the top of the stomach

Question 34

what is chyme

Answer 34

mixture of ingested food and gastric juice

Question 35

What does pancreatic amylase digest

Answer 35

it digests carbohydrates

Question 36

what does pancreatic lipase digest

Answer 36

It digests lipids (triglycerides)

Question 37

What does pancreatic nuclease digest

Answer 37

It digests dna and rna

Question 38

How does the pancreas neutralize the acid in chyme

Answer 38

It produces bicarbonates which are alkaline

Question 39

why is surface area important in the small intestine

Answer 39

It needs a large surface area to reabsorb nutrients

Question 40

where does nutrient rich blood go first.

Answer 40

It travels to the liver first for it to collect all of the nutrients and detoxify blood

Question 41

what does the liver do with the nutrients it gathers from the blood

Answer 41

the liver can. convert from one nutrient to another depending on what the body needs

Question 42

What do chief cells secrete

Answer 42

Pepsinogen

Question 43

What do parietal cells secrete

Answer 43

actively pump hydrogen cells into stomach to create hcl

Question 44

What do goblet cells secrete

Answer 44

mucous

Question 45

What are chylomicrons

Answer 45

Water soluble fats coated with phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins

Question 46

Why are chylomicrons transported using a lacteal (a lymph in lymphatic vessel)

Answer 46

Chylomicrons are too big to fit into the bloodstream

Question 47

If chylomicrons are too big how do they eventually enter the bloodstream

Answer 47

lymphatic vessels deliver the lymph containing the chylomicron to a large vein that returns to the heart

Question 48

What are lipoproteins

Answer 48

they transport fats in aqueous circulatory system

Question 49

are chylomicrons lipoproteins

Answer 49

yes they are the largest lipoprotein

Question 50

What are low density lipoproteins (ldl's)

Answer 50

carry cholesterol from liver to body cells (bad cholesterol)

Question 51

what are high density lipoproteins (hdl's)

Answer 51

collect cholesterol from body tissues and bring back to liver (good cholesterol)

Question 52

What are very low density lipoproteins (vldl's)

Answer 52

carry triglycerides from liver to adipose tissue (love handles) know as ugly cholesterol because this is the fat that shows and makes you ugly

Question 53

is it good to have a high ratio of LDL to HDL

Answer 53

No this puts you at risk for atherosclerotic heart disease