Plants

Question 1

what do plant cells require in order to grow

Answer 1

turgor pressure

Question 2

what is the major structural component of cell wall

Answer 2

cellulose

Question 3

what are the two compartments the cell wall creates

Answer 3

apoplast and symplast

Question 4

three major plant tissues

Answer 4

vascular, dermal, ground

Question 5

what is the vascular tissue

Answer 5

vessels; transport things around (xylem and phloem)

Question 6

what is the dermal tissue

Answer 6

outer layer of the plant

Question 7

what is the ground tissue

Answer 7

everything else inside plant

Question 8

if a plant has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem is it a monocot or a eudicot

Answer 8

a monocot has its vascular bundles scattered throughout

Question 9

what moves water and minerals in plants

Answer 9

xylem

Question 10

what controls stomatal aperture

Answer 10

xylem

Question 11

what 2 cells make up the xylem

Answer 11

tracheas and vessels elements

Question 12

is the xylem under positive or negative pressure

Answer 12

negative pressure; water is being sucked up

Question 13

how is water able to be pulled up

Answer 13

cohesion by hydrogen bonding

Question 14

what is the cause of tension in the xylem fluid

Answer 14

transpiration at the leaf surface

Question 15

is the connection in the xylem fluid through cohesive or adhesive forces

Answer 15

cohesive forces

Question 16

what is the purpose of root hairs

Answer 16

increase surface area for absorption

Question 17

what does the stomata control

Answer 17

controls the transpiration stream

Question 18

what is stomata aperture regulated by

Answer 18

light, aba, and k+ & water movement between guard and surrounding cells, primary via aquaporings

Question 19

where is the more concentrated solution

Answer 19

the source

Question 20

which way does fluid in the phloem (sink and source)

Answer 20

fluid flows from the source to the sink

Question 21

what are the two major cells types in the phloem

Answer 21

sieve tube and companion cells

Question 22

what is the difference between apoplectic transport and symplastic transport

Answer 22

the sugar is pumped into the cell wall before it goes into the sieve tube in apoplectic.

in symplastic it just goes straight from the companion cell to the sieve tube

Question 23

is transport in phloem always under tension

Answer 23

no its under pressure

Question 24

does transport within phloem cells require energy

Answer 24

no it just flows through pressure

Question 25

which cells have many mitochondria to provide the energy needed for loading/unloading

Answer 25

companion cells

Question 26

does the xylem operate through apoplastic or symplastic loading

Answer 26

apoplast

Question 27

does the phloem operate through apoplastic or symplastic loading

Answer 27

the phloem can operate through both but most use symplast

Question 28

what is the driving force of the xylem

Answer 28

evaporation

Question 29

what is the driving force of the phloem

Answer 29

mass flow

Question 30

what is the direction of flow in the xylem and is it uni or multi directional

Answer 30

it is uni directional and it goes roots, leaves, air

Question 31

what is the direction of flow in the phloem and is it uni or multi directional

Answer 31

it is multi directional and it goes source, sink

Question 32

where is active transport located in the xylem

Answer 32

the endodermis

Question 33

where is active transport located in the phloem

Answer 33

the loading and unloading sites

Question 34

what is the xylem regulated by

Answer 34

stomatal aperture, pore size in pits

Question 35

what is the phloem regulated by

Answer 35

source and sink strengths

Question 36

what promotes opening of the stomata

Answer 36

light lr low CO2 levels

Question 37

what promotes the closing of the stomata

Answer 37

high co2 or water stress (lots of evaporation)

Question 38

how does the movement of potassium ions affect the opening of the stomata

Answer 38

k+ enters guard cells, water follows, and the cell becomes turgid

Question 39

what happens when a plant cell is placed in distilled water

Answer 39

become more turgid until the pressure potential of the cell reaches its solute potential

Question 40

what impacts the orientation and expansion of plant cells

Answer 40

lignin deposition, initial cellulose microfibril orientation, and turgor pressure

Question 41

what does the casparian strip do

Answer 41

forces symplastic movement across endodermis

Question 42

does the movement of mineral ions in the soil into a roots vascular tissue (xylem) take place by apoplectic transport past the casparian strip of the endodermis?

Answer 42

no, the casparian strip prevents apoplectic movement

Question 43

what is the purpose of preventing apoplastic movement

Answer 43

creates the opportunity for selective uptake of minerals (often against gradient which requires energy)

Question 44

what contributes to the negative water potential in a leaf

Answer 44

the evaporation of water from mesophyll cell

Question 45

how does sucrose move into the phloem in the apoplastic pathway at the source

Answer 45

secondary active transport into the companion cells uses the proton gradient and symport of the sugar

Question 46

what is positive pressure potential within a cell mostly likely to be caused from

Answer 46

a decrease in the uptake of water by that cell