Hormones Flashcards
(21 cards)
What major categories do hormones fall under
Polypeptides (proteins), steroids, amines
What type of hormones leave cell by exocytosis
Hydrophilic Hormones
What type of hormone requires a transporter to travel through circulatory system.
Hydrophobic Hormone
Which substance would you find in high concentrations in the bloodstream after prolonged fasting.
Glucagon
What type of cells secrete glucagon and where?
Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas in the islet of langerhans
Is the islets of langerhans part of the endocrine or exocrine part of the pancreas
Islets of Langerhans is the endocrine part of the pancreas
What type of cells secrete insulin and where?
Insulin is secreted by beta cells of the pancreas in the islet of langerhans
What are steroid hormones synthesized from
Steroids are synthesized from cholesterol
What triggers the breakdown of glycogen in the liver
Glucagon triggers the breakdown of glycogen in the liver
What is the exocrine part of the pancreas responsible for
Produces secretions needed for digestion. Exocrine products are delivered to intestine. Secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid, and digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase)
Which signals travel the shortest distance form the emitting cell to the target cell
Autocrine signals
Which signals travel the longest distance form the emitting cell to the target cell
Endocrine signals
What are hormones that act on other endocrine glands called
Tropic Hormones
How do steroid hormones work
Steroid hormones act by modifying gene expression in there target cells
How is breakdown of glycogen into glucose regulated
The hormones insulin and glucagon regulate the breakdown of glycogen into glucose
Where is the site for glucose homeostasis
The liver is the site for glucose homeostasis
How is glucose homeostasis regulated
A carbohydrate rich meal raises insulin levels, which trigger the release of glycogen (stored glucose)
Low blood sugar causes glucagon to stimulate the breakdown of glycogen and release glucose
How does insulin act on body cells
Acts on nearly all body cells to stimulate uptake of glucose from blood.
Which cells can take up glucose whether or not insulin is present
Brain cells
How can insulin cause increased uptake of glucose
Insulin triggers the exocytosis of intracellular vesicles counting GLUT-4 transporters
What causes an increased number of GLUT-4 in the plasma membrane
Insulin
