digestion

Question 1

the 4 stages of digestion

Answer 1

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

Question 2

digestion pathway

Answer 2

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestines
Anus

Question 3

ingestion:

Answer 3

taking in food, food is ingested through the mouth

Question 4

parts of the mouth

Answer 4

Incisors
Canine (Cuspid)
Premolar (Bicuspid)
Molars
Tongue
Tonsil
Uvula

Question 5

teeth

Answer 5

Our teeth are used to mechanically digest/break food down

Question 6

chewing

Answer 6

mastication
Incisors - cut
Cuspids - shred
Molars - crush and grind

Question 7

salivary glands (3 pairs)

Answer 7

Moistens and lubricates food so it can be more easily swallowed

Question 8

saliva

Answer 8

Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars
This is an example of chemical
digestion

Question 9

Which type of chemical reaction do the enzymes undergo?

Answer 9

hydrolysis (water breaking) Begins the process of breaking down macromolecules to monomers
Ex: Starch → glucose

Question 10

epiglottis

Answer 10

Swallowing food flips the
epiglottis (a flap of cartilage) It covers the passageway to lungs and opens the passageway to the stomach

Question 11

esophagus

Answer 11

tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Question 12

bolus

Answer 12

ball of food

Question 13

peristalsis

Answer 13

muscular contractions that push food down

Question 14

digestion

Answer 14

food exits the esophagus and enters the stomach through a muscular valve called a sphincter

Question 15

the stomachs peristaltic contractions (churning) continue

Answer 15

the mechanical digestion of food

Question 16

stomach contains

Answer 16

HCl (hydrochloric acid) and pepsin (enzyme)

Question 17

HCl breaks down proteins into

Answer 17

smaller molecules

Question 18

pepsin breaks down proteins

Answer 18

into amino acids (chemical digestion)

Question 19

the bolus is now called

Answer 19

chyme

Question 20

a mucus coating protects the

Answer 20

lining of the stomach from gastric acid

Question 21

ulcer

Answer 21

a hole in the wall of the stomach or small intestines, usually caused by bacteria

Question 22

growling

Answer 22

caused by peristaltic contractions occurring when the stomach is empty

Question 23

euruction

Answer 23

air enters the stomach with your food and air builds up until it backs up into the esophagus and you burp

Question 24

acid reflux (heartburn)

Answer 24

gastrix juices back up (reflux) into the esophagus burning its lining

Question 25

vomiting

Answer 25

reverse peristalsis caused when the medulla oblongata in your brain says its time to barf

Question 26

absorption: small intestines

Answer 26

“Small” diameter but 7 meters long

Question 27

duodenum

Answer 27

first 25 cm (secretion of liver and pancreas

Question 28

Jejunum

Answer 28

Middle 2.5 m

Question 29

Lleum

Answer 29

4 m (end)

Question 30

Villi

Answer 30

Finger like projections lining inside small intestine

Question 31

Microvilli

Answer 31

Smaller fingers on the villi

Question 32

Both increase surface area for

Answer 32

Absorption

Question 33

Nutrients

Answer 33

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and some water are absorbed into villi and into the circulatory system (blood)

Question 34

Large intestine (aka colon)

Answer 34

Large diameter but 2 meters long

Question 35

Colon absorbs..

Answer 35

Water,vitamins, and minerals

Question 36

Solid mass of remaining material:

Answer 36

Feces

Question 37

Anus- anal sphincter:

Answer 37

Regulates passage of feces from large intestines to the rectum

Question 38

Accessory gland 1 liver:

Answer 38

Produces bile

Question 39

Bile breaks down fat into

Answer 39

Fat droplets (emulsification)

Question 40

Accessory gland 2: gallbladder

Answer 40

Bile stored in gallbladder

Question 41

Bile is released into

Answer 41

Duodenum of small intestines

Question 42

Accessory gland 3: pancreas

Answer 42

Releases pancreatic Amylase (breaks down starch into sugars) Releases sodium bicarbonate (neutralizes acidic chyme)