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Digestion Of Carbohydrates Flashcards

(117 cards)

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1
Q

Amylase in the saliva breaks down starch into ____

A

Maltose

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2
Q

Disaccharides are breaking into monosaccharides in ____

A

Small intestine

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3
Q

Most fiber is _____

A

Secreted in the feces

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4
Q

What moves the food through the esophagus?

A

Peristales

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5
Q

Function of saliva

A

Moist the food and break down starch (amylase)

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6
Q

Food when enters in the stomach is called ___

A

Chime

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7
Q

Name of the sphincter in the stomach

A

Esophageal and pyloric sphincter

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8
Q

Most absorption occurs in the

A

Small intestine

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9
Q

What is not absorbed passed through the ___ to the large intestine

A

Ileocecal valve

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10
Q

Regulates body temperature

A

Water

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11
Q

Statin should be given at

A

Night (because of the synthesis)

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12
Q

Micelles

A

Aggregates of bile acids and fatty acids.
Facilitate absorption of fat

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13
Q

Bile acid sequestrant

A

Colestipol

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14
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

A

Atorvastatin

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15
Q

Neutral fat

A

Triglycerides

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16
Q

What produces steroid hormones?

A

Cholesterol

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17
Q

Cron disease X ulcerative colites

A

Parts of intestine x continuous part of intestine

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18
Q

Social determinants of health (SDOH)

A

Economy
Education
Health care
Neighborhood
Social support

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19
Q

Bile

A

Emulsifies fats

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20
Q

Trypsin

A

AIDS in digestion of protein into amino acids

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21
Q

Lipase

A

Digestion of fats

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22
Q

Amylase

A

Digestion of carbohydrates

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23
Q

Disaccharides

A

Sucrose, maltose and galactose

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24
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Glucose and fructose

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25
Primary fuel for tissues
Fructose
26
Jejenum
3 feet long, active transport and diffusion, fat, protein, carbon and Na + K absorption
27
Ileum
6 feet long Vascular, thick, mucosal folds B12 and bile salts absorbed
28
Segmentation and peristalsis
Waves back and forth Propels content Both stimulated by chyme
29
Microbiome
Gut microbes producing gas, synthesize vitamins and have immune function
30
Colon
Final breakdown of waste (undigested or unabsorbed protein and bile salts) Reabsorns electrolytes and water
31
Defecation
Rectum become distended Internal splinter autonomic External voluntary
32
Mallory-weiss tear
Tear in the mucosal layer between the esophagus and stomach Bright red Brown Coffee grounds
33
C diff
Abdominal pain, N/V, loss of appetite, increased HR, blood in stool, dehydration, fatigue, fever
34
Manual or digital removal called
Disimpacting
35
Stoma should not be
1-3 cm above the skin
36
Why we produce feces when we aren’t eating?
The intestine is always producing waste
37
Guaiac test
Look for blood in the stool
38
Erythropoietin is produced by
Kidneys
39
Catheterized should drain minimum of
30 mL of urine per hour
40
Normal glomerular filtration
125 mL/min
41
Oligúria
Low urine outpu
42
How to avoid aspiration
Crush pills, seat upright, assess airway
43
Kwashiorkor x marasmus
Children x any age Abdominal edema, dry hair, loss of appetite and fatigue, growth retardation x All besides abdominal edema. Muscle atrophy
44
Renal diet
Decreased electrolytes, fluid restriction, limit protein
45
Obesity is considered
20% more the ideal body weight IBW
46
Whole food transit time
24-72 h Mouth - anus
47
Cardiac diet
Low fat and sodium
48
Factors affecting gut transit
Meds, stress, functional disorders (IBS and thyroid), activity speeds WGTT, fiber
49
Metabolism
Body cells converting food into energy through reactions
50
BMR
Basal metabolic rate Rate our bodies use energy while at rest to keep vital functions 60% to 75%
51
How much energy for BMR?
60%-75% total
52
Nutrients
Specific biochemicals used for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, recovery from illness and injury
53
Macronutrients
Carbs, fats, protein (give energy)
54
Micronutrients
Vitamins, minerals, water - needed to metabolize energy, doesn’t contain calories
55
Carbo
Sugars and starches converted into glucose by the liver
56
Proteins
Required for formation of all body structures 1 g of protein 4 calories
57
Fats
Insoluble in water and blood 1 g of fat = 9 calories
58
Complete protein
Animal
59
Incomplete protein
Plant based
60
What amino acids do
Break down food, grow and repair tissue, make hormones and brain chemicals, provide energy source, build muscle, maintain health skin, hair and nails, boost immune system, sustain a normal digestive system
61
Transurethral resection of the prostrate (TURP)
Surgery for prostatic hyperplasia
62
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
63
Deficient vitamin K absorption
Púrpura and petechiae
64
Anemia hemoglobin
12 - 18 is normal
65
What causes Urinary retention
Enlarged prostate Vaginal prolapse Antihistamines medications
66
What decrease bowl sounds
Periotonitis , prolonged bed rest and postoperative
67
What medication causes Constipation
Opioids
68
What gives you Diarrhea
Metformin, amoxicillin, magnesium
69
Ileostomy are more prone to
Increase of blockeages
70
Vagus nerve stimulated
Vomiting, nausea, dizzy Contact health care provider
71
Anorexia recommendations
1 kg or 2 lb
72
If I have stones in kidney I avoid eating
Liver
73
Cystic fibrosis (CF) diet
Provide high calorie foods
74
Catabolism and anabolism
Breakdown & buildup
75
Neutral nitrogen balance
Catabolism and anabolism at same rate
76
Optimal LDL
100< mg/d
77
Optimal HDL
< 50 female < 60 male
78
Normal stool in Bristol chart
3 and 4 Sausage with cracks in surface Smooth soft sausage
79
Low protein diet signs
Edema, thin, dry hair, weakness, fatigue, slow healing injuries
80
Azotemia
High levels of nitrogen
81
Good fats
Monosaturated and polysaturated
82
High protein diet
Wound healing Hypothyroidism Cancer
83
Dietetic diet
Food and calories in moderation, specially fats and sugar
84
Enteral nutrition
Long term, delivers food into stomach or intestine - Stroke, cancers in head, burns or trauma, coma, eating disorders
85
86
Valsava manouver or bearing down
Contraindicated for people with cardiovascular diseases
87
Liver test
Albumin 3.5 - 5 Ammonia 10-80 AST 7-40 ALT 5-36
88
Stool tests
Guaiac Clostridium dificile Parasites
89
Emolient stool softeners
Decrease tension lubricate stool Docusate sodium (colace) Onset 72 hours PO or PR
90
Osmotic agent
Magnesium salts (don’t use for renal failure) Promote secretion of water Lactulose GoLytely 15 min to 3 hours PO or PR
91
Enemas
Sim position 30 minutes
92
Renin
Released when the blood pressure is low so it vasoconstricts Aldosterone keeps water and sodium, increasing blood pressure
93
Nephrotoxic medication
Ibuprofen
94
PH of urine Gravity specific
5-6 1.015 to 1.025
95
UTI x kidney stones
Frequency Urgency Suprapubic pain Dysuria Hematuria Fever (Bone demineralization) Common in male Urinary frequency Nausea and vomiting Sharp, Flank pain that radiates Dysuria Hematuria
96
Normal stool color
Light to dark brown
97
What causes polyuria
Arginine vasopressin deficiency D
98
Functional incontinence
When moving or obstacles
99
Nasogastric x gastostomy
Short term X long term
100
Peristalsis it’s autonomic and sympathetic? Occurs how often? Mass peristaltic sweeps?
Autonomic and sympathetic 3 to 12 min 1-4 times 24 hours
101
Example of fat soluble vitamin
Vitamin E
102
Niacin B3
Causes flushing and itchy
103
Enteral feeding care
Clean the nares 4 - 8 hours Flush the tube Elevate the head at least 30 degrees
104
How to check blood for Malnutrition
Low prealbumin level
105
Positive nitrogen Negative nitrogen
More calories Less calories
106
Autonomic Parasympathetic
Peristalsis Colon
107
Straws can give you
Flatulence
108
Total fat Saturated fat Cholesterol Sodium
65 g 20 g 300 mg 2400 mg
109
Transferrin normal levels
215 to 380 mg
110
Epistaxis
Nose bleeding
111
Speckled stools are caused in
Antiacids
112
What bags can be irrigated?
Stemoid Left side
113
Saliva a day
1.5 liter
114
HCL
2.5 L
115
PEG
The feeding tub
116
Stimulant laxative
Motility Bisacodyl (dulcolax)
117
Anti diarrhea
Imodium/lamotil - antimotility Bentyl - calcium channels

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