Respiration Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
As we age out respiratory tract become less _____ and ___ weaken
A
Elastic, diaphragm
2
Q
What affects cardiopulmonary function?
A
Anemia. Inadequada O2
3
Q
Wheezes
A
Continuous musicals sounds (high, shrill sound on expiration)
4
Q
Crackles
A
Heard on inspiration, soft or high pitched popping sounds
5
Q
If the patient is hypoxic you assess them first
A
Yes
6
Q
Starts the oxygen with how many liters?
A
2
7
Q
Cold or viral rhinitis
A
Runny nose, sinus pain, nasal congestion, headache
8
Q
Rhinitis
A
Inflammation of the nose
9
Q
Flu or influenza
A
Fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, HA, body aches
10
Q
Atelectasis
A
Colapse of the lungs
Crackles, dyspnea, hypoxia
11
Q
Pneumonia
A
Shorts of breath, fatigue, fever, poor oxygenation
12
Q
Asthma x bronchitis
A
Allergens x infection
Lifelong x weeks
Wheezing x coughing
13
Q
Tuberculosis
A
Mycobacterium, malaise (not feeling well) , anorexia, chest pain, cough, SOB, weight loss, night sweat, low grade fever
14
Q
Clubbing nails is a physical manifestation of hypoxia, common seen in
A
Lung cancer
15
Q
Rhinorrhea
A
Excessive nasal drainage runny nose
16
Q
What is a Cold symptoms and treatment
A
Viral rhinitis, low grade fever, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, nasal discharge, halitosis, sneezing, tearing watery eyes, scratchy or sore throat, general malaise, chills, headache and muscle aches
Fluids, rest, expectorants, warm salt gargles, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, petroleum jelly for nares and skin
17
Q
Pneumonia
A
Viral, bacterial or fungi
Alveoli fill with fluid and debris (crackles)
> 65 years old
Immobility or bed rest
Smoking
Chronic illness
Upper respiratory infection
Complications:
Sepsis, atelectasis (colapse), bacteremia (bacteria in the blood), pleurisy (inflammation of the pleura), acute respiratory failure, brain damage, hearing loss, death
18
Q
Atelectasis
A
Closure or collapse of alveoli, occurs postoperative or immobilized patients
Dyspnea, cough, sputum
19
Q
What can affect other organs?
A
TB and valley fever
20
Q
Asthma symptoms
A
Tachycardia
Sore throat
Lightheadness
Nervousness
Nausea
21
Q
Percentage of oxygen in the air
A
21%
22
Q
Most accidents occur because of
A
Rubs
23
Q
What part of brain controls breathing
A
Pons and medulla
24
Q
Low albumin means
A
Poor nutrition/more prone to develop pressure injure
25
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) promotes
Suction stimulates blood flow to the wound, remove excess fluid and promotes a moist environment for healing
26
Red wound care
Gentle cleansing and moist dressing
27
What can cause wound dehiscence?
Surgical opening wound
Smoking
28
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory can cause (NSAIDs)
Bloody bowel movement
29
PCA overdose can cause
Patient control analgesia
Respiratory complications
30
When should we use nasal trumpet?
Epistaxis
31
What to do if a patient start vomiting during suction?
Remove catheter and elevate the head of the bed
32
Open suction technique
Administer oxygen first
33
Peak flow meter is
For asthma
Measures how quickly you can blow air
34
Oxygen levels ideal
92% to 100%
35
Thoracentesis
Remove excess fluid from pleura
36
Crackles
Soft, high pitched popping sounds on inspiration
Pneumonia, heart failure, bronchitis, COPD
37
What are comorbidities put in risk for Covid
Advanced age > 80 yo
Cancer, obesity, smoking, chronic conditions.
Men are more affected than women
African Americans, Hispanic and south asian
38
Article
Nurses have been #1 for every year except 2001 firefighters took place because of 9/11
39
Wheezing
Continuous musical sounds, high, shrill sound on expiration
Asthma, bronchitis, buildup of secretions
40
Common cold
Upper airway
Runny nose
Sinus pain
Nasal congestion
Headache
41
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the nose
42
What are the symptoms of Flu/influenza
Fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, HA (headache), body aches
43
Lower airway
Atelectasis: crackles, dyspnea, hypoxia, in chest wall movement
44
Pneumonia
Shortness of breath, fatigue, fever, poor oxygenation
45
What bacteria causes tuberculosis
Mycobacterium
46
Rhinorrhea
Running nose
Antihistamines and nasal sprays
47
Influenza. WHO is at risk?
Young children, pregnant women, those with chronic health conditions like asthma, heart or lung disease and people over 65 and older
48
Cold symptoms vs flu symptoms
No headache / prominent headache
Normal temp / high temp
Slight aches and pain / severe aches and pain
Sneezing and running nose / x
Sore throat / x
Mild cough / severe cough
X / chest discomfort
49
Tzanck smear
Exam skin about secretion
50
What is COPD?
Abnormal permanent enlargement of the air space in the lungs
51
What are the dietary recommendations for COPD?
6 small meals a day 1-2 hours after breathing treatment
52
Treatment COPD
Bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, O2
53
What is Asthma?
Hyper reactivity
Chronic inflammation of the airways
Allergens, exercise or cold air, air pollutants/smoke, reps infections,
Heat: wheezing, chest tightness, coughing.
Albuterol
54
NSAIDs shouldn’t be given to
Asthma patients
Ulcer/ bleeding disorders
Renal patients
Bad for heart patients
Use acetaminophen
55
Bone healing phases
Hematoma formation
Inflammatory phase
Reparative phase
Remodeling
56
Symptoms of the Inflammatory phase of healing
Pain, heat, redness and swelling
57
Serous x purulent
Watery clear serous portion of blood x white blood cells and debris
58
What helps wound healing
Zinc supp, sterile dressing, protein, vitamin c
59
Exudate is formed in which phase
Inflammatory
60
What phase is granulation formed
Proliferation
61
What phase there is s generalized body response
Inflammatory
62
What put a patient in pressure injury risk?
Poor appetite
Incontinente
Albumin level < 3.2
Pain
63
Cold treatment helps to
Constrict the vessels so redness and swelling decrease
64
What NPWT does in the wound
Stimulates blood flow and remove excess fluid, promoting a moist environment
65
Blister is stage_____
2
66
RYB system
Classifies the wound:
Red, yellow and black
67
Would dehiscence. Who is at risk?
Opening of a he closed surgical site. Cigar smoker
Obese
Anticoagulant
Excessive cough
68
Dislocation x subluxation
Total and partially dilocation
69
Braden scale scoring
Goes from 6 to 23
High risk 9 or less
70
Katz index
Hability to perform activities
1 point for every activity
71
When receiving epidural what should nurse assess
Respiratory depression
72
NSAIDS are contraindicated to who
Non steroidal antiinflamatory
Patients losing blood
73
PCA pump
Analgesic
74
Tracheal suctioning pressure
80 to 150 mm hg
75
DEXA interventions
Warm and flushing
Allergy to radioisotope
Warm sensation
Empty bladder
76
The respiratory membrane
Contains surfactant (type II cells)
77
COPD how much liquid to drink
2-3 quarts
78
Every 1 liter adds 4% of O2
Low flow
Nasal cannula 1-6 L/min (O2 24-40%)
Simple mask 6-10 L/min (O2 35-60%)
High flow
Venturi mask 2-15 L (24-50% O2)
Partial rebreather 10-15 L/ min (60-80%)
Non rebreather mask 10-15 L(60-80%)
Hi flow NC 15-60 L/min (O2 up to 100%)
79
Atrophy
Decreased muscle size
80
Diagnostic assessment
Serum calcium
(9-11)
Serum phosphorus (2.5-4.5)
Bone scan or bone mineral density measures (DEXA)
81
Contusion
Bone bleed
82
Sprain
Stretching or tearing injury *ligamentous* or tendons
Pain edema
83
Strain
Injury to **muscle** or tendons
Result in pain/edema
84
Crepitus
Bone rub together
85
Bisphosphonates
Slow activity osteoclasts
Ibandronate (Boniva)
Alendronate (fosamax)
86
Muscle relaxants
Cyclobenzaprine (flexeril)
Baclofen (lioresal)
87
Pruritus
Itching
88
Osteopenia
Is before osteoporosis
89
What can affect respiration?
Anemia
90
Prostaglandins
Tissue swelling and pain
91
NSAIDS
Ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, ketorolac
92
Tylenol (acetaminophen) isn’t
Anti inflammatory
93
Osteomalacia
Adult version of rickets
94
Osteomalacia x osteoporosis
One is lack vitamin D (soft bones) and the other one is decreased bone density
95
Pain scale. 4-6 means
Moderate pain
96
Night sweats is a symptom of
Tuberculosis
97
Important about pneumonia
Decrease co2 due fluids in the alveoli
98
How to avoid Atelectasis
Reposition the patient
Using your muscles to breath (diaphoretic breathing)
99
Incentive spirometry
Prevent pneumonia by working the muscles
Slow and deep breaths in the machine, breath in (like a cigarette)
100
How long you have to to have pain to be chronic?
3 months
101
Blister is a vesicle
102
Tolerance
Is normal and happens with regular administration of opioid
103
Tuberculosis care
Mask
Isolate them
Pressure room
104
Hallmark sign of tuberculosis
Granuloma x ray
105
COPD
Enlargement of alveolis
Wheezes
Diaphragmatic breathing
Don’t give oxygen
106
Antipyretic
Anti fever
107
What is acetaminophen antidote
Mucomyst
108
NSAIDS that blocks cox 1 and cox 2 enzymes
Indomethacin (indocin)
Ibuprofen (Motrin, advil)
Ketorolac (toadol)
Naproxen (aleve)
109
NSAIDs only blocks COx2 enzymes
No adverse effects like renal, gi upset
Celecoxib (celebrex)
110
Aspirin
Treats pain, inflammation, fever and acute coronary syndrome
Helps to prevent MI, stroke, angina, PAD, CAD
111
Tinea corporis
Ringworms
112
Opioid antagonist
Naloxone (narcan)
Naltrexone (vivitrol)
113
Antihistamine
Blocks histamine
For allergic reaction
Drowsy
114
When we don’t use antitussive
COPD and asthma
115
Decongestion
Decrease production of mucus
116
Expectorant
Increase cough
117
Mucolytic
Thin the mucus
118
Venous stasis
Being inactive is a cause
Decreased blood flow, engorged venules
Skin becomes darker
119
Be careful with antitussives
CNS depression (slow down)
120
Be careful with decongestants
Pseudoephedrine
Phenyleprhine
Close blood vessels diminish congestion
Jittery, nervous, HTN, sweating, arrhythmias, seizures, urinary retention and hyperglycemia
121
Tinea cruris
Jock itch (groin)
122
Papule
Solid mass
123
Pustule
Purulent vesicle (acne)
124
Vesicle
Herps.
Circumscribed elevated mass
125
Ulcer
Lesion past epidermis
126
Tumor
Deeper than a papule
127
Plaque
Papilas with flat top
128
Fissure
Crack in the skin
129
Petechiae
Same as ecchymosys
Small red purple spots
Bleeding under the skin
130
Synovial fluid
Liquid that protect the joint
131
Folliculitis
Caused by Staph aureus
Treatment bacitracin
132
Precautions for shingles
Contact precaution and isolation
Airborne precautions if immunocompromised
133
Furuncles
Acute inflammatory staph bacterial
Deeper than folliculites
134
Cellulitis
Orange peel
Staphylococcus aureus
Red, painful, fever
135
Necrotizing fasciitis
Flesh eating disease 20-80%
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
136
Scabies
Mite
137
Bone infection osteomyelitis can lead to
Necrosis
138
Hydro morphone
Hydro and lipo philic
Between both morphine and fentanyl
139
Opioids side effects
Respiratory depression
Hypotension
Nausea, vomiting, **constipation** and dry mouth
Sweating dependence **itching (pruritus)**
Do not stop abruptly
140
Contractures
Tightening of muscles due burning
141
Noninceptive x neuropathic
Real pain
Pain because of the nervous system damage
142
Transduction
First activation of the pain
Heat for example (nonciceptors)
143
Transmission
A and C fibers
A is fast, myelinated and sharp immediately localized pain “hot”
C is slow, unmyelinated long soreness or ache “burning sensation”
144
Arterial and venous
Feet and above the feet
145
Modulation
Pintching the leg while getting a shot
146
Pain scale
Numeric 0-10 9 years or older
Wong 3 years or older
Can identify the pain scale
147
Lice
Pediculosis
148
Skin tears
Friction and shearing
Lose away adhesive tape
149
Phases of wound healing
Homeostasis blood clot
Inflammation
Proliferation granulation
Remodeling
150
DVT x fat embolism
Blood clot in a deep vein cause PE, MI OR STROKE
x
Cause of fat embolism is broken bone, bone marrow goes to the bloodstream and block
151
Shingles
Contact precautions
Vaccine 50 years and older
152
Decongestant can cause
Rebound effect
153
Compartment syndrome
Blood sweating through the muscle
Increased pressure
We have to open and take the pressure out
Fasciotomy
154
NSAID side effects
Epigastric distress, GI bleeding, tinnitus, platelet dysfunction
155
Affect mobility
Nutrition and stress
