Digestion/respiratory

Question 1

A 30 foot tube that runs from her mouth to our anus

Also consist of accessory organs and glands

Answer 1

Alignmentary canal

Question 2

What organs does the gastrointestinal tract referred to?

Answer 2

The stomach and intestines

Question 3

What organs do the digestive system consist of?

Answer 3

It consists of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, and accessory organs

Question 4

What do the accessory organs include in the body?

Answer 4

Teeth, tongue, salivary gland’s, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

Question 5

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 5

To process food, extract nutrients from food, and eliminate residue

Question 6

What are the four stages that allow for the function of the digestive system?

Answer 6

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation

Question 7

Does the digestion stage consist of mechanical or chemical digestion?

Answer 7

Both

Question 8

This type of digestion uses teeth and stomach to digest food

Shreds and breaks food into smaller pieces

Answer 8

Mechanical digestion

Question 9

Makes use of digestive enzymes – proteins

Breaks down the food into its individual nutritional components

Digestive enzymes split individual glucose molecules off the starch molecules

Answer 9

Chemical digestion

Question 10

The digestive tract is composed of a long tube referred to as what?

Answer 10

Alimentary canal

Question 11

The alimentary Canal consists of what four layers?

Answer 11

Serosa
Muscularis externa
Submucosa
Mucosa

Question 12

This is the innermost layer of the alimentary tube.

It consist of three layers of its own of epithelium, connective tissue, and smooth muscle

Answer 12

Mucosa

Question 13

This is the thickest layer of connective tissue of the tube.

It contains glands, blood vessels, lymph Fattic vessels, and nerves

Answer 13

Submucosa

Question 14

This part of the tube consists of two layers of smooth muscle

This layer regularly contracts and relaxes to propel food through the digestive tract

Answer 14

Muscularis

Question 15

This is the outermost layer of the tube

It covers the portion of the digestive track within the cavity.

Answer 15

Serosa

Question 16

The outer covering of the esophagus and rectum is called what?

Answer 16

Adventitia

Question 17

Main function of the respiratory system is to supply the body with what?

Answer 17

To supply the body with oxygen and dispose of the waste products – carbon dioxide

Question 18

Part of the body do we rely on to supply the body with oxygen and to dispose of waste products such as carbon dioxide?

Answer 18

The cardiovascular and muscle system

Question 19

This is the process of transporting oxygen into internal cells of the body and removing carbon dioxide from the body

It is involved in speech and smell

It is dependent upon breathing and moving air in and out of the lungs

Answer 19

Respiration

Question 20

The respiratory system is divided into the what to systems?

Answer 20

Upper respiratory system and lower respiratory system

Question 21

The upper respiratory system is composed of what?

Composed of structures located outside the thoracic cavity

Answer 21

Nose, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus
LarynX
Pharynx

Question 22

The lower respiratory system is composed of what?

Composed of structures located inside the thoracic cavity

Answer 22

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveolar sacs

Question 23

This is the mechanics of breathing that involves the process of moving air into and out of the lungs?

Answer 23

Pulmonary ventilation/respiration

Question 24

Pulmonary ventilation /Respiration consist of what to phases?

Answer 24

Inspiration

Expiration

Question 25

Pulmonary ventilation is a process that involves what to create a pressure difference from inside of the lungs to the atmosphere?

Answer 25

Respiratory muscles

Question 26

Process of gas exchange that occur depends upon what?

Answer 26

The breathing process and the partial pressures of gases

Question 27

The process of gas exchange involves what organs? And element

Answer 27

Blood vessels, red blood cells, lungs, air

Question 28

Need oxygen in our bodies to produce what?

Answer 28

ATP – energy

Question 29

What are the functions of the nose and nasal cavity in the upper respiratory system?

Answer 29

``` – Provides an airway for respiration – Filters and cleans the incoming air – Moisten and warms the incoming air – Houses the sensory receptors for smell – Assist in speech production ```

Question 30

The olfactory nerve is responsible for what sense? Where is it located?

Answer 30

The sense of smell It penetrates upper nasal cavity and leads to the brain

Question 31

What is the function of the sphenoid sinus,paranasal sinus and ethmoidal sinus ?

Answer 31

Drain mucus into the nasal cavity

Question 32

These bonds create narrow passages, ensuring that moist air contacts the mucous membrane on the way through.

Answer 32

Conchae

Question 33

This is a tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus Commonly referred to as the throat Lined with the respiratory epithelium

Answer 33

Pharynx

Question 34

THe pharynx is divided into three regions?

Answer 34

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Question 35

This extends from the back of the soft palate It contains openings for the right and left auditory tubes

Answer 35

Nasopharynx

Question 36

This is the space between the soft palate in the base of the tongue It contains the Palitine tonsils as well as the lingual tonsils found at the base of the tongue

Answer 36

Oropharynx

Question 37

This passes to the upper side of the Larynx and connects to the Esophagus

Answer 37

Laryngopharynx

Question 38

This is commonly referred to as the voicebox

Answer 38

LarynX

Question 39

How big is the LarynX and what bone is it attached to?

Answer 39

About two inches Attached to the hyoid bone

Question 40

What are the three main functions of the LarynX

Answer 40

- Provide an opening for air to reach the Lungs - Make sure food and air go to the correct passageways - Voice production

Question 41

This closes over the top of the LarynX next during swallowing to direct food and liquids into the esophagus This is the uppermost cartilage

Answer 41

Epiglottis

Question 42

This is the largest piece of cartilage and is also known as the Adams apple

Answer 42

Thyroid cartilage

Question 43

Two pairs of folds that play no role in speech They Close the glottis which is the opening between the vocal cords, during swallowing to keep food and liquids out of the airway

Answer 43

Vestibular folds

Question 44

produce sound when air passes over them

Answer 44

Vocal cords

Question 45

This is the opening between the cords

Answer 45

Glottis

Question 46

The flexible projection that extends from the base of the tongue Projects upward when breathing

Answer 46

Epiglottis

Question 47

What does the lower respiratory system consist of?

Answer 47

Trachea Lungs Alveolar sacs Bronchi and bronchioles

Question 48

Is commonly referred to as the windpipe

Answer 48

Trachea

Question 49

How many inches long is the trachea and how many rings of cartilage is it supported by?

Answer 49

4 inches long 3/4 inch in diameter 16-20 cartilage rings

Question 50

The trachea has cells that are lined with Cilia and secrete mucus What does the mucus and cilia do for the trachea?

Answer 50

The mucus traps in coming particles in the breeze The Cilia beat and push mucus up towards the throat

Question 51

The trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi. | Where does the primary bronchi enter the lungs?

Answer 51

The hilum

Question 52

Once inside the lungs the primary bronchi divide into where?

Answer 52

Secondary bronchi

Question 53

The secondary bronchi divide and branch further into where? Then divide and branch further eventually into what?

Answer 53

Tertiary bronchi Bronchioles and eventually terminal bronchioles

Question 54

What is the C shaped rings of cartilage that encircled the trachea do for it?

Answer 54

It reinforces it and keeps it from collapsing during inhalation

Question 55

The trachea extends from the LarynX next to a cartilage ridge called what?

Answer 55

Carnia

Question 56

At the Carina the trachea branches into how many primary bronchi ?

Answer 56

Two Secondary Tertiary bronchi

Question 57

This is the primary structure for gas exchange

Answer 57

Aveolar sacs

Question 58

Bronchioles end into what? What does it look like?

Answer 58

Aveolar (air) sacs and aveoli Grape clusters

Question 59

The exchange of air occurs through what membrane?

Answer 59

Respiratory membrane

Question 60

What consists of the respiratory membrane?

Answer 60

Aveolar epithelium, the capillary endothelium, in their joint basement membranes

Question 61

This part of the long is shorter brighter and larger than the other one

Answer 61

Right lung

Question 62

The right lung has how many lobes?

Answer 62

Three The superior, middle, and inferior

Question 63

What percent of the gas exchange does the right lung handle ?

Answer 63

55%

Question 64

The right lung contains what two fissures?

Answer 64

Horizontal | Oblique fissures

Question 65

The base of each long rest on what?

Answer 65

The diaphragm

Question 66

The top or apex of each long extends about how many inches above the first rib?

Answer 66

.5 inches

Question 67

How many lobes does the left lung contain and What is the reason for this?

Answer 67

Two | Because the heart extends towards the left lung

Question 68

How many fissures does the left lung contain and what are they?

Answer 68

One -Oblique fissures

Question 69

This is a thin connective tissue double layer covering around the lungs. What are the two layers ?

Answer 69

Pleurae | visceral and parietal

Question 70

What does the fluid between the two layers of pleura do for the lungs? What is it called?

Answer 70

Called the pleural cavity Allows lungs to expand without friction. (Lubricates the surfaces ) Helps in the breathing mechanism (assists in lung inflation)

Question 71

This pleura covers the surface of the lungs, extending into the fissures

Answer 71

Visceral pleura

Question 72

This Pleura lines the entire thoracic cavity

Answer 72

Parietal pleura

Question 73

This is referred to as breathing and consists of two phases?

Answer 73

Pulmonary ventilation Consists of two phases called inspiration and expiration

Question 74

Breathing is a mechanical process that depends on what?

Answer 74

Volume changes in thoracic cavity that changes the pressure

Question 75

At what point does air rush into the lungs?

Answer 75

When Air pressure inside of lungs become lower than external atmospheric air pressure

Question 76

What happens when pressure inside becomes higher than external atmospheric pressure?

Answer 76

Air rushes out

Question 77

This is the pressure exerted upon the body by gases surrounding the body

Answer 77

Atmospheric pressure

Question 78

This is the pressure inside the lungs, specifically alveoli

Answer 78

Intrapulmonary pressure

Question 79

Can thoracic volume increase and decrease?

Answer 79

Yes

Question 80

The Lungs contain what tissue so they can stretch and then recoil back to their original size

Answer 80

Elastic tissue

Question 81

For inspiration and expiration to occur there must be what changes to the lungs?

Answer 81

Volume changes to the lungs which causes pressure changes in the lungs (intrapulmonary pressure)

Question 82

Volume change within the lungs is dependent on what muscles?

Answer 82

Respiratory muscle Diaphragm and intercostal muscles are primary

Question 83

Inspiration These muscles pull the ribs upward and outward widening the thoracic cavity

Answer 83

External intercoastal

Question 84

Inspiration Help elevate the ribs

Answer 84

Internal intercostals

Question 85

Inspiration This contract flattens drops pressing the abdominal organs down ward and enlarging the thoracic cavity

Answer 85

Diaphragm

Question 86

Expiration These muscles pull the ribs down word as the external intercostals relax

Answer 86

Internal intercoastal

Question 87

Expiration This relaxes bulging upward and pressing against the base of the Longs reducing the size of the thoracic cavity Air is pushed out of the lungs

Answer 87

Diaphragm

Question 88

For air to travel into the lungs the intrapulmonary pressure must become higher or lower than the atmospheric pressure?

Answer 88

Lower

Question 89

The long volume must increase or decrease to reduce the overall pressure within the lungs?

Answer 89

Increase

Question 90

What respiratory muscles create this increase volume?

Answer 90

Diaphragm and intercoastal muscles

Question 91

When these muscles contract, they pull on the pleura of the lungs and cause the lung tissue to do what? This causes an increase or decrease of lung volume?

Answer 91

It causes the lung tissue to expand in the Thoracic cavity Causes an increase of lung volume

Question 92

Where to travel out of the ones that intrapulmonary pressure must become higher or lower than the atmospheric pressure?

Answer 92

Higher

Question 93

The respiratory muscles relax causing the ones to do what?

Answer 93

Recoil back to the original size

Question 94

How is Air Force out of the lungs?

Answer 94

The volume decreases causing an increase of intrapulmonary pressure higher than atmospheric pressure