Lymphatic And Immune System

Question 1

Lymphatic system is composed of what?

Answer 1

Lymph organs and tissues

Question 2

What is the immune system composed of?

Answer 2

A collection of cells, barriers, proteins that live within the lymph organs and tissues

Question 3

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 3

Fluid recovery
Immunity
Lipid absorption

Question 4

What are the lymphatic structures?

Answer 4

Lymph
Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic tissues/organs/the spleen and tonsils

Question 5

True or false?

The immune system is not a true organ system.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

You Immune system used to be divided into first second and third lines of what?

Answer 6

Defenses

Question 7

The immune system is also referred to as what defense mechanism?

Answer 7

Nonspecific and specific defense mechanism

Question 8

The immune system is now commonly referred to as what two defenses?

Answer 8

Innate defenses and adaptive defenses

Question 9

Functions of the lymphatic system include what?

Answer 9

Fluid recovery
Immunity
Lipid absorption

Question 10

What are the lymphatic organs and tissues in the body?

Answer 10

Red bone marrow 
Thymus 
Tonsils 
Spleen 
Lymph nodes 
Lymphatic vessels

Question 11

What is lymph fluid?

Answer 11

It is the fluid found within lymph vessels

Question 12

Capillaries lose a lot of overall what? due to the pressure within them?

Answer 12

Plasma volume

Question 13

What reabsorbs the remaining fluid ,but not all?

Answer 13

Lymph vessels

Question 14

How many lymph nodes are there?

Answer 14

Hundreds of them

Question 15

Lymph nodes are found where?

Answer 15

Along the lymphatic vessels

Question 16

Where are lymphatic nodes found in the body?

Answer 16

Neck, Axilla , chest,abdomen, groin, and popliteal regions

Question 17

Lymph nodes we’ve what 2 functions?

Answer 17

Filteration

Active immune system

Question 18

The immune system is composed of barriers, cells, and various proteins that help to provide immunity against what?

Answer 18

Against pathogens

Question 19

Needs to function and response with the appropriate strength and quickness to pathogens

Answer 19

Immune system

Question 20

The immune system is categorized into what two different defenses?

Answer 20

Nonspecific and specific immunity a.k.a. Innate and adaptive defenses

Question 21

This categorys responses not dependent upon antigen exposure

Not antigen specific

Exposure to pathogen/antigen doesn’t create immune immunologic memory

Immediate response

Answer 21

Non-specific (innate)

Question 22

Response is dependent upon antigen exposure

antigen specific

Exposure to antigen creates immuno logical memory

The period of time between antigen exposure and response time

Answer 22

Specific a.k.a. adaptive

Question 23

The nonspecific or Innate immunity is divided into what two divisions?

Answer 23

Surface barriers

Internal defenses

Question 24

What are the surface barriers?

Answer 24

Skin and mucous membranes

Question 25

What are the internal defenses?

Answer 25

``` Phagocytes Antimicrobial proteins Metro killer cells Inflammation Fever ```

Question 26

What are the phagocytes?

Answer 26

Neutrophils and macrophages

Question 27

What are the Anti-microbial proteins?

Answer 27

Interferons | Complement system

Question 28

What are the natural killer cells?

Answer 28

Specialized WBCs : lymphocytes

Question 29

Is inflammation classified as non-specific or specific immunity?

Answer 29

Non-specific

Question 30

What is inflammation triggered by?

Answer 30

Infections and body trauma Bacteria, fungi, viruses, chemicals, physical trauma

Question 31

What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 31

Redness Swelling Heat Pain

Question 32

What are the benefits of inflammation? (The good of it )

Answer 32

It prevents the spread of pathogens to surround tissues It alarms the adaptive immune system It cleans up cellular debris and pathogen's It initiates the repair process

Question 33

What is the first step of inflammation response and stages?

Answer 33

Tissue injury - histamine is released

Question 34

Second stage of inflammation response

Answer 34

Vasodilation-causes redness heat and pain

Question 35

Third response to inflammation?

Answer 35

Increased vascular permeability Chemotaxis and swelling

Question 36

Fourth response to inflammation?

Answer 36

Recruitment of phagocytes | This is when cleanup and repair is initiated

Question 37

Injured cells secrete chemicals that dilate blood vessels in the area called what?

Answer 37

Histamine

Question 38

Blood rushes in (this is called what?) bringing necessary Leukocytes. Increase blood flow also helps flush out toxins and waste

Answer 38

Hyperemia

Question 39

The same chemical that trigger vasodilation also causes the cells in the capillary walls to separate slightly. Fluid and anti-bodies leak through the spaces and into the injured tissues Fibrinogen that leaks into the areas forms of sticky clot that walls off the infected area helping to keep the infection from spreading

Answer 39

Neutrophils which have been drawn to the area by chemicals released from damage cells (chemotaxis) start to phagocytize the pathogen's. They also secrete chemicals(cytokines) to someone other neutrophils and macro phages to the area Macrophages not only destroy bacteria but also help clean up the area by engulfing damage cells and Dead neutrophils.

Question 40

This is this is systemic response to a pathogen unlike inflammation which is localized It is an abnormal high temperature of the body due to a systematic response to a pathogen infection

Answer 40

Fever

Question 41

The increase of body temperature decreases the ability of what to grow in the body and reproduce?

Answer 41

Bacteria

Question 42

A fever increases metabolism great which also speeds up the what process?

Answer 42

Repair

Question 43

Valves of a lymph present what ensuring that limp moves steadily away from the tissue and toward the heart?

Answer 43

Backflow

Question 44

This anchors that capillaries to surround cells which prevents the vessels from collapsing

Answer 44

Protein filaments

Question 45

Fluid enters where?

Answer 45

Between the overlapping epithelial cells.

Question 46

this is a complex immunity that is adaptable to defenses It creates a memory of the specific type of pathogen for future exposure And example is the chickenpox virus

Answer 46

Specific/adaptable immunity

Question 47

What are three aspects to the specific immunity and what do they do?

Answer 47

Specific– Targets specific cells or pathogens Systematic – not limited to initial infection site Specific memory – creates a memory cell of the pathogen for future exposures

Question 48

What are two types of specific immunity?

Answer 48

``` Cellular immunity (cell mediated) Humoral immunity (antibody mediated) ```

Question 49

Cellular immunity and Humoral immunity both create what cells against a specific pathogen?

Answer 49

Memory immune

Question 50

Cellular and Humoral immunity both react to antigens found where? And create immune cells to attack specific antigens.

Answer 50

On the surface of cells

Question 51

What is the recognize react and remember of the cellular immunity?

Answer 51

1. Cellular immunity recognizes a foreign antigen 2. Reacts by creating cells called cytotoxic T cells (destroys foreign antigens) 3. Remembers by creating a memory cell that will specifically seek out and destroy cells with that antigen on its surface

Question 52

When does the immune process begin?

Answer 52

When a phagocyte ingests antigen

Question 53

The phagocyte displays fragments of the antigen on its surface which alerts the immune system to the presence of a foreign antigen. When a T cell spots before an antigen what does it do?

Answer 53

It binds to it and then will remember this specific foreign antigen by creating memory cells for that specific antigen.

Question 54

How many types of specific immunity are there?

Answer 54

2

Question 55

Cellular immunity creates what cells that seek out and destroy other cells have a specific antigen in its surface

Answer 55

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 56

Humoral immunity creates anti-bodies at seek out and bind to specific antigen which means ?

Answer 56

Tags it for destruction

Question 57

Specific immunity can be gained through a number of different methods such as what?

Answer 57

Active and passive | Natural and artificial

Question 58

This type of immunity occurs when the body produces antibodies are T cells after being exposed to a particular antigen. If you become ill with the measles your body will produce antibodies for this virus making you immune to the infection in the future

Answer 58

Natural active immunity

Question 59

This immunity results when the body makes T cells and antibodies against a disease as a result of a vaccination such as a tetanus are influenza

Answer 59

Artificial active immunity

Question 60

This form of immunity results when a fetus acquires antibodies from the mother through the placenta or when a baby acquires them through breast-feeding

Answer 60

Natural passive immunity

Question 61

This form of immunity involves obtaining serum from a person or animal that has produce anti-bodies against a certain pathogen and then injecting it into someone else. This is typically use in emergencies for treatment of rabies.

Answer 61

Artificial passive immunity

Question 62

Three different classifications of immune dysfunction are what?

Answer 62

Auto immune Immunodeficiency Hypersensitivities

Question 63

This is when the immune system cannot distinguish between self antigens and foreign antigens They tag and destroy

Answer 63

Auto immune

Question 64

What are some examples of autoimmununity

Answer 64

Rheumatoid arthritis, type one diabetes, multiple sclerosis

Question 65

This can be a form of genetic condition or acquired from some disease, pathogen or drug It impairs the function and/or production of the immune cells Very susceptible to disease and infections

Answer 65

Immuno deficiency

Question 66

What are some examples of immunodeficiency

Answer 66

HIV and AIDS, leukemia, chemotherapy

Question 67

This is when the immune system is hyperactive and its overall response to an antigen that is normally harmless to the body Common allergies to animals pollen mold and dust It is the release of histamine from immune cells and related cells

Answer 67

Hypersensitivity

Question 68

The treatment for hyper sensitivity is what?

Answer 68

Anti-histamine

Question 69

What is a life-threatening hypersensitivity? Causes massive release of histamine Such as bees stings, severe food allergies What reverses this effect?

Answer 69

Anaphylactic shock Epinephrine