Digestive I

Question 1

Digestion stages

Answer 1

prehension
insalivation
mastication
swallowing
digestion
absorption
excretion

Question 2

Prehension

Answer 2

food grasping

Question 3

insalivation

Answer 3

mixing food with saliva

Question 4

mastication

Answer 4

chewing with tongue and cheek

Question 5

swallowing

Answer 5

cud moves from mouth to stomach

Question 6

digestion

Answer 6

cud turns into assimilable substances

Question 7

absorption

Answer 7

assimilable substances pass through intestinal villi

Question 8

excretion

Answer 8

non-absorbable substances are removed

Question 9

functions of the mouth

Answer 9

food ingestion (prehension, insalivation, mastication and swallowing)

Question 10

prehension organ in goats and horses

Answer 10

lips

Question 11

prehension organ in bovines and carnivores

Answer 11

tongue

Question 12

aetiology of prehension disorders

Answer 12

inflammation
dental disorders
neoplasia
mandibular trismus (masseter spasms, tetanus)

Question 13

glossitis

Answer 13

infection of the tongue

Question 14

cheilitis

Answer 14

inflammation of the lips (

Question 15

stomatitis

Answer 15

inflammation of the oral mucosa

Question 16

faucitis

Answer 16

inflammation of the lateral and caudal walls of the mouth

Question 17

dental disorders

Answer 17

periodontal disease
enamel disorders
dental/skeletal maloclusions
abnormal nr of teeth

Question 18

periodontal disease

Answer 18

inflammation of the connective tissue surrounding the teeth

Question 19

what are the most common tumours causing prehension disorders?

Answer 19

dogs:
- malignant melanoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
- fibrosarcoma

cats:

• squamous cell carcinoma
• fibrosarcoma

Question 20

symptomatology of the prehension disorders?

Answer 20

pain-> food falls out of the mouth
reluctance to eat ->hyporexia
-> anorexia
-> weight loss and dehydration

Question 21

mastication disorders

Answer 21

improper mincing of the food resulting in decreased surface area for digestive enzyme action

Question 22

mastication disorder etiology

Answer 22

gingivitis/stomatitis or periodontal disease

Question 23

signs of mastication disorders

Answer 23

non-digested food in feces
ptyalism (excessive salivation)
halitosis (bad breath)
weight loss and weakness
diarrhea

Question 24

salivary glands

Answer 24

zygomatic, sublingual, parotid, mandibular

Question 25

• MUCOCELE OR SIALOCELE

Answer 25

saliva accumulation surrounded by granulous tissue

Question 26

sialoadenitis

Answer 26

inflammation of the salivary gland usually due to sialolith obstruction

Question 27

sialolithiasis

Answer 27

stones in salivary glands

Question 28

mucocele signs

Answer 28

soft and mobile, non-painful mass

Question 29

sublingual mucocele causes

Answer 29

prehension and mastication disorders

Question 30

submandibular mucocele causes

Answer 30

dysphagia

Question 31

zygomatic mucocele causes

Answer 31

exophthalmos (bulging of the eye and difficulty in opening the jaw)

Question 32

sialodenitis and sialolithiasis signs

Answer 32

hard mass

Question 33

xerostomy

Answer 33

dry mouth

Question 34

ptyalism

Answer 34

pathological increase in saliva production

Question 35

ptyalism etiology

Answer 35

direct stimulation of salivary centers or reflex

Question 36

sialorrhea

Answer 36

excessive drooling

Question 37

sialorrhea etiology

Answer 37

brain disorders (tumors and inflammatory processes) esophagic ulcers or tumors swallowing disorders

Question 38

hyposialia

Answer 38

decrease in salivary production

Question 39

hyposialia etiology

Answer 39

paralysis of parasympathetic branches of X cranial nerve atropin severe DH

Question 40

swallowing stages

Answer 40

oral (voluntary) pharyngeal cricopharyngeal esophageal

Question 41

dysphagia can be due to

Answer 41

structural or functional disturbances

Question 42

structural disturbances

Answer 42

foreign bodies masses (for example, tumors) pharyngitis

Question 43

muscular disturbances

Answer 43

``` muscular disorders myasthenia gravis megaesophagus central ns lesions pain ```

Question 44

dysphagia signs

Answer 44

``` repeated attempts to swallow food falling out of mouth ptialysm/sialorrhea regurgitation even aspiration pneumonia ```