Digestive III

Question 1

Function of small intestine

Answer 1

nutrient absorption

Question 2

Function of large intestine

Answer 2

water absorption

Question 3

intestine disorders

Answer 3

1. secretory function disorders

2. motor function disorders

Question 4

intestine secretory function disorders

Answer 4

maldigestion

malabsorption

Question 5

intestine motor function disorders

Answer 5

hypermotility
hypomotility
ileus
obstruction

Question 6

clinical manifestations of intestinal disorders

Answer 6

tenesmus
colic
constipation
diarrhea

Question 7

how maldigestion leads to diarhhea

Answer 7

because of poor fractioning of cud, there will be bigger macromolecules in the intestinal lumen. This increases the osmotic pressure which increases fluids inside the intestines.

Question 8

maldigestion etiology in

Answer 8

fatty/proteinous diet
lack of fiber
allergy/intolerance
bad milk substitute in calves
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
liver/kidney problem
DH
anemia

Question 9

malabsorption

Answer 9

lack of nutrients assimilation due to problem in absorption or in intestinal wall nutrient transport

Question 10

malabsorption etiology

Answer 10

maldigestion
intestinal mucosa disorders
intestinal absorption capacity decrease

Question 11

intestinal mucosa disorders

Answer 11

infections 
parasites
inflammation
neoplasia (lymphoma)
drugs (neomicine)

Question 12

intestinal absorption capacity disorders

Answer 12

intestinal blood flow deficiency
enterocyte defects
congenital disorders
villus atrophy
endocrinopathy:diabetes, hypothyroidism

Question 13

malabsorption/maldigestion syndrome due to

Answer 13

maldigestion:
-decrease of enzyme levels in enterocytes
malabsorption:
-decrease in small intestine nutrient absorption

Question 14

symptomatology of malabsorption/maldigestion

Answer 14

abdominal distension
diarrhea
weight loss
anorexia
meteorism (gas in intestine)

Question 15

indirect clinical signs of malabsorption/maldigestion

Answer 15

anemia (fe, folic acid, b12 indeficiency)
bone pain and osteomalacia (loss of Ca and D)
neurologic lesions (b12 and thiamine indeficeny)
bleeding issues (lack of vitamin K)
oedemas (hypoproteinemia)
muscular weakness (hypocalemia and DH)

Question 16

intestinal hyperperistaltism etiology

Answer 16

stress
hyperthyroidism
neurological reasons

Question 17

intenstinal hyperperistaltism leads to

Answer 17

diarrhea (no time for water absorption)

Question 18

intestinal hypoperistaltism etiology

Answer 18

intestinal obstruction
ileus (spastic or paralytic)
lead poisoning

Question 19

ileus

Answer 19

acute fail of intestinal propulsion

Question 20

paralytic ileus

Answer 20

intestinal motility loss without obstruction

Question 21

paralytic ileus etiology

Answer 21

adynamia or vascular

Question 22

spastic ileus etiology

Answer 22

extraluminal
intramural
intraluminal

Question 23

extraluminal ileus etiology

Answer 23

adhesions
volvulus/strangled hernia
abscess

Question 24

intramural ileus etiology

Answer 24

neoplasia

inflammation

Question 25

intraluminal ileus etiology

Answer 25

enteroliths bezoars foreign bodies

Question 26

complete small intestinal obstruction leads to

Answer 26

``` metabolic alkalosis abdominal distension (vomit and reflux) dehydration (hypovolumic shock and intestinal mucosa degeneration -> ileus) ```

Question 27

complete large intestine obstruction leads to

Answer 27

``` gas distension fluid accumulation fermentation pain DH ```

Question 28

intestinal strangulation leads to

Answer 28

``` ischaemia mucosal detachment endotoxin absorption pain fluid accumulation DH ```

Question 29

partial intestinal obstruction leads to

Answer 29

weight loss decrease in intestinal movements diarrhea less severe signs in comparison with complete obstruction

Question 30

tenesmus

Answer 30

sensation of needing to empty the bowel/bladder altough they are empty

Question 31

tenesmus etiology

Answer 31

rectal | vesical

Question 32

rectal tenesmus etiology

Answer 32

colitis perianal gland inflammation large intestine obstruction

Question 33

vesical tenesmus etiology

Answer 33

urinary tract disorders

Question 34

colic

Answer 34

abdominal pain due to smooth muscle contraction

Question 35

constipation etiology

Answer 35

``` diet DH lack of exercise mechanical obstruction neuromuscular disease painful defecation ```

Question 36

physiopathological mechanisms of diarrhea

Answer 36

osmotic secretory intestinal permeability disorders motor dysfunction (infection)