Digestive System

Question 1

What are the functions of the digestive system? (5 - I MADE)

Answer 1

1. Ingestion 2. Movement 3. Absorption 4. Digestions 5. Elimination

Question 2

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 2

Mechanical and chemical

Question 3

What are the alimentary tract organs? (6 OPESLS)

Answer 3

1. Oral cavity 2. Pharynx 3. Esophagus 4. Stomach 5. Small intestine 6. Large intestine

Question 4

What are the accessory digestive organs? (4 SPLG)

Answer 4

1. Salivary glands 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder

Question 5

How long is the alimentary tract?

Answer 5

8 Meters

Question 6

What are the 4 layers of the alimentary tract walls? (4 - MSMS)

Answer 6

1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscular layer 4. Serosa

Question 7

What parasympathetic nerve innervates the alimentary tract?

Answer 7

Vagus (10)

Question 8

What sympathetic nerve innervates the alimentary tract?

Answer 8

Celiac plexus

Question 9

What are the two types of mixing in the alimentary tract?

Answer 9

1. Peristalsis 2. Segmentation

Question 10

What is the function of the oral cavity?

Answer 10

Mechanical digestion of food and chemical digestion of CHO via amylase.

Question 11

What are the structures of the oral cavity? (6 Triple T, C P V)

Answer 11

1. Vestibule 2. Cheek/lips 3. Tongue 4. Palate 5. Teeth 6. Tonsils

Question 12

What are the two portions of the palate?

Answer 12

1. Hard (anterior) 2. Soft (posterior)

Question 13

What are the parts of the tonsils (3 - PLP)

Answer 13

1. Palatine 2 Lingual 3. Pharyngeal

Question 14

What are the three pairs of salivary glands? (3 -SPS)

Answer 14

1. Parotid 2. Sublingual 3. Submandibular

Question 15

What is the esophagus?

Answer 15

A distensible muscular tube from the pharynx to the stomach

Question 16

What does the esophagus lie posterior to?

Answer 16

Trachea

Question 17

What does the lower esophageal sphincter do?

Answer 17

Prevents gastric juices from getting into esophagus.

Question 18

What is the esophageal hiatus?

Answer 18

A hole where the esophagus and vagus nerve pass through the diaphragm.

Question 19

What is the function of the esophagus?

Answer 19

Carry food, liquids, and saliva from the mouth to the stomach.

Question 20

Name three esophageal abnormalities.

Answer 20

1. Hiatal hernia 2. GERD 3. Esophageal ulcer

Question 21

What is a hiatal hernia?

Answer 21

when part of your stomach pushes upward through your diaphragm.

Question 22

What is GERD?

Answer 22

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, gastric reflux disease, or acid reflux disease is a chronic symptom of mucosal damage caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus

Question 23

Name the macroscopic structures of the stomach. (4 - CFBP)

Answer 23

1. Cardiac region 2. Fundic region 3. Body 4. Pyloric region

Question 24

What is the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 24

the sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum

Question 25

What are rugae?

Answer 25

Folds in the stomach

Question 26

What are the two curvatures

Answer 26

Lesser and greater

Question 27

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 27

a part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and liver and supporting the hepatic vessels

Question 28

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 28

part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and to the colon and covering the intestines

Question 29

What are the functions of the stomach? (4 ATMI)

Answer 29

1. Absorption (little) 2. Temporary food reservoir 3. Mechanical digestion (chyme) 4. Initiates chemical digestion of proteins via pepsin

Question 30

What is chyme?

Answer 30

the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.

Question 31

What is the microscopic structure of the stomach?

Answer 31

Gastric glands within mucosa

Question 32

What are the three types of cells in gastric glands? (3-MCP)

Answer 32

1. mucous cells 2. chief cells 3. parietal cells

Question 33

What is the collective term for all local stomach secretions?

Answer 33

Gastric juice

Question 34

What two chemicals are needed for Pepsin?

Answer 34

Pepsinogen and HCL

Question 35

What is the most important enzyme in gastric juice?

Answer 35

Pepsin

Question 36

What does pepsin do?

Answer 36

Initiates protein digestion

Question 37

What is responsible for gastric secretion and regulation?

Answer 37

Autonomic nervous system

Question 38

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do in relation to gastric secretion/regulation

Answer 38

Increases gastric activity

Question 39

What is the reflex center for vomiting?

Answer 39

Medula

Question 40

What stimulates vomiting? (6 FMEHDI)

Answer 40

1. fever 2. motion 3. emotions 4. hormones 5. drugs 6. irritation of stomach or s.i.

Question 41

What drugs cause vomiting?

Answer 41

Emetics

Question 42

What is an ulcer?

Answer 42

an open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane that fails to heal.

Question 43

Where do ulcers occur?

Answer 43

Stomach and small intestine

Question 44

What causes ulcers?

Answer 44

Build up of stomach acid

Question 45

What is the pancreas associated with?

Answer 45

Duodenum (s.i.)

Question 46

What two organs are considered retroperitoneal?

Answer 46

Kidneys and pancreas

Question 47

What secretes pancreatic juice?

Answer 47

Acinar cells

Question 48

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 48

Secretion of insulin and glucagon

Question 49

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 49

Secretes enzymes to breakdown PRO (protase), FAT (lipase), and CHO (amylase)

Question 50

Where is the liver located?

Answer 50

Upper right quadrant of the stomach below diaphragm.

Question 51

What are the functions of the liver? (3 BBL)

Answer 51

1. Bile secretion 2. Blood filtration 3. Lipid synthesis/metabolism

Question 52

What is in bile? (4 WCBB)

Answer 52

1. Water 2. Cholesterol 3. Bile pigments 4. Bile salts

Question 53

What do bile salts do?

Answer 53

Emulsify fats and absorb fat soluble vitamins and end products of fat digestion

Question 54

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 54

Stores and concentrates bile

Question 55

What are the parts of the small intestine? (6 DJIVMP)

Answer 55

1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum 4. villi 5. microvilli 6. plicae circulares

Question 56

What is mesentery?

Answer 56

a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.

Question 57

Small intestine joins the large intestine where?

Answer 57

Ileocecal valve (sphincter)

Question 58

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 58

Completes chemical digestion and is primary site of nutrient absorption.

Question 59

What is the structure of the large intestine? (4 CCRA)

Answer 59

1. Cecum 2. Colon 3. Rectum 4. Anal canal

Question 60

Where is the appendix?

Answer 60

Off the cecum

Question 61

What are the parts of the colon? (4 ATDS)

Answer 61

1. Ascending 2. Transverse 3. Descending 4. Sigmoid

Question 62

What are the parts of the anal canal? (4 AAIE)

Answer 62

1. Anal columns 2. anus 3. internal anal sphincter 4. external anal sphincter

Question 63

What are the functions of the large intestine? (4)

Answer 63

Formation/storage/elimination of feces 2. Mucus secretion 3. Water/electrolyte reabsorption 4. Vitamin synthesis

Question 64

Describe the parts of the defecation reflex. (5)

Answer 64

1. Glottis closed 2. Abdominal muscles contract 3. diaphragm lowered with deep inspiration 4. Internal anal sphincter relaxes 5. voluntary relaxation of external anal sphincter