Digestive System Flashcards
(93 cards)
0
Q
Another name for peristalsis
A
Vermiculation
1
Q
The following muscles are involved in mastication except: A)temporalis B)masseter C)medial pterygoid D)lateral pterygoid E)anterior pterygoid
A
E)anterior pterygoid
2
Q
Phaynx and esophagus have tubular mucous glands. True or false?
A
True
3
Q
Function of cheeks
A
Storage of food and area for chewing/grinding of food
4
Q
Mumps is type of inflammation of ___
A
Parotid gland
5
Q
Produces most of nocturnal saliva
A
Submandibular gland
6
Q
Produces mucin + smallest of three large paired salivary gland
A
Sublingual gland
7
Q
Lingual,palatine,buccal,labial, and frenular glands are all minor salivary glands. True or false?
A
False. No frenular :)
8
Q
What do lysozymes break down?
A
Walls of simple bacteria
9
Q
Antibody that plays critical role in mucosal immunity
A
IgA
10
Q
Two ions that buffer bacterial acids
A
Bicarbonate and phosphate
11
Q
Halide that activates amylase
A
Chloride
12
Q
Small. Round soft mass of chewed food
A
Bolus
13
Q
Root of tooth is composed of _____]
A
Dentin
14
Q
tooth Crown is ___ covered by ___
A
Dentin covered by enamel
15
Q
Within dentin of root. With pulp BVs and nerves
A
Pulp cavity
16
Q
Another word for swallowing
A
Deglutition
17
Q
Three phases of swallowing
A
Buccal
Pharyngeal
Esophageal
18
Q
Movement of bolus into oropharnyx at buccal phase of swallowing is involuntary.true or false?
A
False.voluntary siya :)
19
Q
What covers larynx to prevent food from entering respi tract?
A
Epiglottis
20
Q
Pharyngeal phase: voluntary movement from pharynx to esophagus.true or false?
A
False.involuntary mvmt dapat
21
Q
In pharyngeal phase of swallowing,what parts of the brain get activated?
A
Medulla and pons
22
Q
Steps of pharyngeal phase of swallowing. Sequence???
A.blockage of nasopharynx with soft palate
B.relax upper esophageal sphincter
C.raise larynx to seal epiglottis
D.blockage of mouth with tongue
A
D A C B
23
Q
Pharyngeal phase of swallowing is reflex caused by ____ in pharynx
A
Stimulation of strech receptors
24
In Pharyngeal phase of swallowing: ___ closes nasopharynx. Epiglottis and vestibular folds close opening to ___
First blank:soft palate
| Second blank:larynx
25
What part of pharynx moves bolus to esophagus?
Pharyngeal muscles
26
In esophageal phase, epiglottis is still closed.true or false?
False.epiglottis reopens here
27
Peristalsis:rhythmic process of ___control that moves bolus into stomach
Medullary
28
Two cell types that secrete mucus sa stomach
Surface mucous cells
| Mucous neck cells
29
Parietal cell secretions include the following except
A.intrinsic factor
B.pepsin
C.HCl
B.pepsin
30
Function of gastrin
Stimulate HCl prod
31
Function of somatostatin
Inhibit HCl secretion
32
These two substances stimulate gastric acid secretion
Histamine
| Serotonin
33
All are secretions of enteroendocrine cells except (HCl,gastrin,somatostatin,histamine,serotonin)
HCl
34
Chief cells secrete ___
Pepsinogen
35
What converts pepsinogen to pepsin?
HCl
36
Mucosa in neonates secretes ___ which curdles milk to increase time for gastric processing
Rennin
37
3 phases of stomach digestion include all except (cephalic, gastric, pancreatic, intestinal)
Pancreatic
38
Cephalic phase occurs (before,after) enters stomach
Before
39
Process of cephalic phase
| Sight and thought of food --> ____ ---> ___
Cerebral cortex then medulla oblongata
40
What cranial nerve transmits signals from medulla for gastric acid secretion?
Vagus nerve
41
Phase of digestion at stomach with Greatest volume of gastric acid secretions
Gastric phase
42
Food chemicals and (rising,falling) pH levels activates chemoreceptors, stimulating G cells to release gastrin
Rising
43
When acidic chyme enters duodenum, gastric secretions are (stimulated, inhibited)
Inhibited
44
What does the duodenum produce to inhibit gastric secretion?
Secretin
45
If the stomach empties too fast, the efficiency of digestion and absorption in small intestine is (increased,reduced)
Reduced
46
If rate of emptying in stomach is too ___,the highly acidic contents of stomach may damage stomach wall
Slow
47
Gastric emptying is ___. (Voluntary,involuntary)
Involuntary
48
Gastric emptying is inhibited by all except? (Enterogastric reflex, enterogastrones, fat, protein)
Protein
49
Hormones that increase stomach secretions (increase,decrease) stomach motility
Increase
50
Organ that stores and concentrates bile
Gall bladder
51
Gall bladder stimulated by a hormone and a cranial nerve. What is the hormone? Cranial nerve?
Cholecystokinin and vagus nerve
52
Pancreatic juice PH
7.1-8.2
53
Function of Main pancreatic duct
Drains pancreatic juice into duodenum
54
Hepatopancreatic ampulla=main pancreatic duct + ___
Bile duct
55
Cholecystokinin (constricts, relaxes) hepatopancreatic sphincter and (stimulates,inhibits) pancreatic enzyme secretion
Relaxes, stimulates
56
Secretin is released in response to __ in the intestine
HCl
57
Separates right and left liver lobes + suspends liver from diaphragm
Falciform ligament
58
Fibrous remnant of fetal umbilical vein
Round ligament
59
In liver cirrhosis, damaged hepatocytes do not regenerate because the scar uses up energy to regenerate.t or f?
F. The hepatocytes regenerate but the scar is faster. Ending: fatty fibrous and less active liver
60
Spaces bet blood vessels in liver
Sinusoids
61
Bile flow:hepatocytes --> __ -->___ --> (+ cystic duct) --> ___ -->ampulla of Vater
Bile canaliculi
Small bile ducts
Common bile duct
62
Function of bile
Emulsification of ingested fat
63
Yellowing due to overwhelmed liver c/o RBC products
Jaundice
64
Waste prod of heme from hemoglobin
Bilirubin
65
Gives feces its brown color. Product of bilirubin metab
Stercobilin
66
Gives urine yellow color. Prod of bilirubin metab
Urobilin or urochrome
67
Bile regulation
| Fatty and amino acids in chyme ---> ___ --> ___ contractions --> bile secretion
Cholecystokinin
| Gall bladder
68
T or F.peristalsis occurs in intestines
False. Segmentation occurs - alternating contraction and relaxation of non-adjacent segments
69
⬆️intestinal distention --> ___ smooth muscle contraction
⬆️
70
```
All stimulate intestinal smooth muscle contraction except
A.hypertonic
B.hypotonic
C.low pH
D.high pH
```
D.high pH
71
Local reflexes at ___ plexus mediate small intestine's responses
Enteric
72
Ileocecal sphincter remains mildly contracted most of the time, true or false?
True
73
Closure of ileocecal sphicter ➡️__rate of chyme movement ➡️digestion and absorption
⬇️
74
Cecum distention ➡️ __contraction of smooth muscles at intestines
⬆️
75
Why is bicarbonate secreted at digestion in intestines?
Neutralize acidic pH
76
Intestinal secretions solidify chyme to facilitate digestion.true or false?
False. It is kept in liq form by these secretions
77
Another name for brush border enzymes
Enteropeptidase/enterokinase
78
Which is not function of brush border enzyme?
A.filter chyme and remove waste products
B.convert trypsinogen to trypsin
C.complete carbohydrate and protein in small intestine
A.filter chyme and remove waste products
79
What substance stimulates intestinal secretions?
Vasoactive intetstinal peptide
80
Major sites of nutrient absorption
Duodenum. Jejunum
81
Nutrients:transported in blood to liver via __
Hepatic portal circulation
82
All of the ff are unique features of large intestine except (epiploic appendages, brush border, teniae coli and haustra)
Brush border
83
Normal flora in colon synthesize the ff except (VitC,VitB-complex,VitK)
VitC
84
All are metabolized by colon's normal flora except (mucin,heparin,hyaluronic acid,chondroitin sulfate)
Chondroitin sulfate
85
Fermentation of indigestible carbs leads to __
Gas prod or flatulence
86
In large intestine, mechanical digestion is regulated by all except (ileocecal sphincter action, mass peristalsis, haustral contractions, anal canal relaxation)
Anal canal relaxation
87
Presence of food stimulates this reflex in large intestine
Gastrocolic reflex
88
In haustral contractions, distention by food stimulates local smooth contraction. True or false?
True
89
Internal anal sphincter is __ while external one is __ (voluntary, involuntary)
Involuntary
| Voluntary
90
When cecum is full, ileocolic sphincter relaxes.true or false?
False.it contracts
91
When mass mvmt forces feces into rectum, stretch receptors stimulate this reflex
Defecation reflex
92
If defecation is delayed, rectum relaxes. True or false?
True
