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PH 131 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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0
Q

Inhibin is a hormone

What does it do?

A

Inhibit FSH Secretion

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1
Q

Inhibin is a hormone

Where is it produced?

A

Testes,ovary

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2
Q

All of the hypothalamic secretions target the ___

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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3
Q

What hormone from the neurohypophysis has this function: Increased uterine contractions; increased mild expulsion from mammary glands?

A

Oxytocin

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4
Q

False about growth hormone
A. Also called somatotropin
B.produced in hypothalamus
C.stimulates and maintains growth of most tissues

A

B.produced in hypothalamus

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5
Q

True or false: thyroid-stimulating hormone and melanocyte-stimulating hormone are produced in the hypothalamus

A

False. Sa anterior pituitary sila napproduce

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6
Q

This hormone’s effect is Increased glucocorticoid hormone secretion

A

Adenocorticotropic hormone

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7
Q

Where do lipoproteins come from?

A

Adenohypophysis

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8
Q

This hormone came from the anterior pituitary gland and has this effect:Milk production in lactating women;

A

Prolactin

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9
Q

From anterior pituitary gland

Effect:Follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in ovaries; sperm cell production in testes

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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10
Q

Thyroid hormones stimulate an increased metabolic rate, yes?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Calcitonin, a hormone that Decreases rate of breakdown of bone by osteoclasts and prevents large increase in blood calcium levels, comes from which part of the thyroid gland?

A

Parafollicular cells

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12
Q

Parathyroid hormone is synergistic with calcitonin, yes?

A

No.antagonistic sila

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13
Q

Both epinephrine and norepinephrine cause blood vessels to constrict in skin, kidneys, GI tract, and other viscera, yes?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Cortisool increases Na+ levels by increasing rate of sodium reabsorption by kidneys, yes?

A

No. Aldosterone does this

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15
Q

False about cortisol

A.increases fat and protein breakdown; b.increases glucose synthesis; c.increases inflammatory response

A

c.increases inflammatory response

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16
Q

Where are androgens produced?

A

Adrenal gland

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17
Q

promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis; made at pancreas

A

Glucagon

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18
Q

Lowers blood glucose levels. If wala, or kulang, pwede ang diabetes mellitus

A

Insulin

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19
Q

regualtes production of sperm cells and development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics

A

Testosterone

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20
Q

2 hormones for uterine and mammary gland development and function, external genitalia structure, secondary sex characteristics, menstrual cycle

A

Progesterone and estrogen

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21
Q

Produced by ovaries

increases flexibility of symphysis pubis

A

Relaxin

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22
Q

False about melatonin and Arginine Vasotocin
A. Produced by pineal gland
B. Produced only when the person is sleeping
C.Produced to regulate sleep-wake cycle

A

B. Produced only when the person is sleeping

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23
Q

Produced by adipose tissue

Effect:sensation of satiety; stimulates increased energy expenditure

A

Leptin

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24
Produced by kidneys | signals production of red blood cells
Erythropoietin
25
From thymus gland | Effect:development of immune system
Thymosin
26
___ substances Exert effects on the surrounding cells
Paracrine
27
Substances that are Secreted by cells in a local area and influences the activity of the same cell type from which it was secreted
Autocrine
28
Secreted into the environment; modifies physiology and behavior of other individuals
Pheromones
29
False about Membrane-bound receptors (1) Generally for lipid-soluble hormones (2) Directly alter membrane permeability (opening and closing of ion channels e.g. Ach and Na+ channels in skeletal muscle membranes) (3) Directly alter the activity of enzymes (4) Water-soluble hormones coupling with G proteins to 1 or more intracellular second messengers
1) Generally for lipid-soluble hormones
30
False about intracellular receptors
 (1) Generally for lipid-soluble hormones (2) indirectly activates genes
 (3) Found either in the cytoplasm or nucleus
(2) indirectly activates genes
31
False about, Proteins,peptides and Amino Acid Derivatives (1) Most Bind to membrane-bound receptors (except the thyroid hormone) (2) synthesized at smooth ER (3) Preprohormones -> prohormones stored in vesicles -> active hormones -> storage. (4) Secretion: vesicles -> exocytosis (hormones are released into the blood from the vesicles)
(2)synthesized at smooth ER
32
``` Follicle stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone Anti-diuretic hormone Thyroid stimulating hormone Parathyroid hormone ``` Which is not a glycoprotein hormone?
Anti-diuretic hormone
33
oxytocin, anti-diuretic hormone and luteinizing hormone -- Which is not a peptide hormone?
Luteinizing hormone
34
Amino acid derivative hormones come from: __ and ___
Adrenal medulla | Thyroid gland
35
``` Steroid hormones are secreted by all except: Adrenal cortex Gonads Stomach Placenta ```
Stomach
36
False about eicosanoids • Include prostacyclins, leukotrienes and prostaglandins • Bound to membrane bound receptors that are associated with G proteins • Effects are highly systemic
• Effects are highly systemic Ung totoo: effects are highly local
37
A.One hormone cannot exert its full effect without the presence of another hormone B. Example: thyroid hormone on sex hormone C. Quite similar to commensalism Which is false about permissiveness?
C. Quite similar to commensalism
38
What is synergistic hormonal response?
When two hormones have the same effect, their combined effects amplify the response.
39
When one hormone oppose the action of another, what type of hormone response is this?
Antagonism
40
___ feedback mechanism: after a stimulus causes hormone release, products resulting from the action of hormone tend to suppress its further release
Negative
41
__ feedback mechanism:Biological action of hormone causes additional secretion of the hormone
Positive
42
False about Water-soluble hormones a. act on receptors in the plasma membrane b. Circulate in blood which is bound to plasma protein C. Examples: polypeptides,protein,amino acid-derived hormones
b. Circulate in blood which is bound to plasma protein They are transported from synthesis sites to target tissues
43
False about lipid-soluble hormones A. Act on receptors inside cell B. Diffuse easily across capillaries C. Examples:steroid and thyroid hormones
B. Diffuse easily across capillaries | They do not diffuse easily across capillaries
44
``` All of the options below are methods of hormone clearance except A)binding with tissues B)excretion by liver into bile C)excretion via sweat D)excretion by kidneys into urine E)metabolic destruction by tissues ```
C)excretion via sweat
45
``` Which is the matched hormone-hormone mechanism pair? A.estrogen:direct gene activation B.oxytocin:direct gene activation C.testosterone:second messenger system D.none of the above ```
A.estrogen:direct gene activation Testosterone, steroidal hormone: direct gene activation Oxytocin: protein hormone: second messenger system
46
Three types of endocrine gland stimuli
Humoral Neural Hormonal
47
False about endocrine gland humoral stimuli: A.simplest endocrine control B.indirect response to changing blood vessel C.example of hormones with this stimulus: aldosterone, insulin, parathyroid hormone
B.indirect response to changing blood vessel Direct dapat
48
T or F. Catecholamines are stimulated by nerve fibers
True
49
Regulates the nervous system and endocrine system activities
Hypothalamus
50
What organ produces vasopressin and oxytocin?
Hypothalamus
51
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Sella turcica
52
How is the posterior pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus?
Hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract
53
How is the anterior pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus?
Vascular connections
54
False about ADH A. Involved in water balance B. Stimulated by alcoholic beverages and adequate hydration C. Target kidney tubules via cAMP D. Vasoconstrictor when released in large amounts
B. Stimulated by alcoholic beverages and adequate hydration Inhibited dapat
55
``` False about oxytocin A.for uterine contraction and milk letdown B.lack of neural stimuli inhibits it C.binds to intracellular receptors D. Affects sexual behavior ```
C.binds to intracellular receptors
56
Questions about propriomelanocortin A.prohormone from the posterior pituitary B.source of ACTH, enkephalin, beta-endorphin, lipotropin and melanocyte-stimulating hormone C. CNS neurotransmitter involved in appetite control
A.prohormone from the posterior pituitary Anterior pituitary dapat
57
What do osmoreceptors do?
monitor changes in intercellular osmolality
58
What do baroreceptors do?
sense changes in blood pressure
59
Lipotropins cause __
Adipose cells to catabolize fat
60
Adrenocorticotropic hormone decreases production of melanin. True or false?
False. Increases dapat :)
61
Thyroid hormones exhibit negative feedback mechanism on thyrotropin. True or false?:)
True
62
Follicular cells secrete ___ into lumen of follicle.
Thyroglobulin
63
- Iodine and ___(an amino acid) necessary for production of T3 and T4.
Tyrosine
64
False about calcitonin A. Secreted in follicular cells B. Lowers blood calcium levels C. Decrease osteoclast activity
A. Secreted in follicular cells Parafollicular cells dapat
65
Which is false? A.T4 is also called as thyroxine B.there is less T4 than T3 C.Can alter number and activity of mitochondria
B.there is less T4 than T3 there is more T4 than T3
66
False about parathyroid hormone A.Increases blood calcium and phosphate levels B.Stimulates osteoclasts C.Promotes calcium reabsorption by kidneys and PO4 excretion D.Increases synthesis of vitamin E
D.Increases synthesis of vitamin E Dapat D :)
67
False about aldosterone A. Glucocorticoid siya B. Galing siya sa Zona glomerulosa C. Increases Rate of sodium reabsorption by kidneys
A. Glucocorticoid sya Mineralocorticoid kasi siya
68
``` False about cortisol A.from zona fasciculata B. Increases fat and protein breakdown C. Mineralocorticoid sya D. Decreases inflammatory response ```
C. Mineralocorticoid sya Glucocorticoid dapat
69
All hormones of the adrenal medulla function through G protein mechanisms. True or false?
True
70
Alpha cells-secrete insulin Beta cells-secrete glucagon Delta cells-secrete somatostatin Which pairs are mismatched?
Alpha cells-secrete insulin Beta cells-secrete glucagon Dapat Alpha cells-secrete glucagon Beta cells-secrete insulin
71
Effect of glucagon
Release of glucose to the blood from liver cells
72
Effect of insulin
Lowers blood glucose levels
73
Questions about propriomelanocortin A.prohormone from the posterior pituitary B.source of ACTH, enkephalin, beta-endorphin, lipotropin and melanocyte-stimulating hormone C. CNS neurotransmitter involved in appetite control
A.prohormone from the posterior pituitary Anterior pituitary dapat
74
What do osmoreceptors do?
monitor changes in intercellular osmolality
75
What do baroreceptors do?
sense changes in blood pressure
76
Lipotropins cause __
Adipose cells to catabolize fat
77
Adrenocorticotropic hormone decreases production of melanin. True or false?
False. Increases dapat :)
78
Thyroid hormones exhibit negative feedback mechanism on thyrotropin. True or false?:)
True
79
Follicular cells secrete ___ into lumen of follicle.
Thyroglobulin
80
- Iodine and ___(an amino acid) necessary for production of T3 and T4.
Tyrosine
81
False about calcitonin A. Secreted in follicular cells B. Lowers blood calcium levels C. Decrease osteoclast activity
A. Secreted in follicular cells Parafollicular cells dapat
82
Which is false? A.T4 is also called as thyroxine B.there is less T4 than T3 C.Can alter number and activity of mitochondria
B.there is less T4 than T3 there is more T4 than T3
83
False about parathyroid hormone A.Increases blood calcium and phosphate levels B.Stimulates osteoclasts C.Promotes calcium reabsorption by kidneys and PO4 excretion D.Increases synthesis of vitamin E
D.Increases synthesis of vitamin E Dapat D :)
84
False about aldosterone A. Glucocorticoid siya B. Galing siya sa Zona glomerulosa C. Increases Rate of sodium reabsorption by kidneys
A. Glucocorticoid sya Mineralocorticoid kasi siya
85
``` False about cortisol A.from zona fasciculata B. Increases fat and protein breakdown C. Mineralocorticoid sya D. Decreases inflammatory response ```
C. Mineralocorticoid sya Glucocorticoid dapat
86
All hormones of the adrenal medulla function through G protein mechanisms. True or false?
True
87
Alpha cells-secrete insulin Beta cells-secrete glucagon Delta cells-secrete somatostatin Which pairs are mismatched?
Alpha cells-secrete insulin Beta cells-secrete glucagon Dapat Alpha cells-secrete glucagon Beta cells-secrete insulin
88
Effect of glucagon
Release of glucose to the blood from liver cells
89
Effect of insulin
Lowers blood glucose levels

PH 131 (9 decks)

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