Digestive System

Question 1

What is included in the digestive system?

Answer 1

the gastrointestinal tract

Question 2

What is a continuous, hallow, muscular tube?

Answer 2

The GI tract

Question 3

What is the GI tract also known as?

Answer 3

The alimentary canal

Question 4

What is the space between the tube?

Answer 4

The lumen.

Question 5

What are the major parts of the digestive system?

Answer 5

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Question 6

What are some of the accessory organs of the digestive system?

Answer 6

salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas.

Question 7

What are the functions of the digestive system?

Answer 7

Ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical/enzymatic digestion, absorption, and excretion.

Question 8

What is ingestion?

Answer 8

Intake of food into the alimentary canal; what you eat

Question 9

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 9

Chewing and mixing

Question 10

What is the chemical or enzymatic digestion?

Answer 10

Digestive enzymes and hormones like bile, acid, and mucus.

Question 11

What is absorbtion?

Answer 11

this is when nutrients and water move into the blood or lymph vessles.

Question 12

What is excretion?

Answer 12

This is when undigested material is eliminated as feces

Question 13

What are the functions of the oral cavity?

Answer 13

ingestion, mechanical digestion, and enzymatic digestion.

Question 14

What are the structures in the oral cavity associated with the digestive system?

Answer 14

hard and soft palates, uvula, labia, gingiva, vestibule, teeth, and tongue. (Know these structures on models and pictures etc.)

Question 15

What are the purpose of the teeth?

Answer 15

bite and chew food.

Question 16

What are the four different types of teeth?

Answer 16

incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

Question 17

What is the purpose of the tongue?

Answer 17

mechanical digestion

Question 18

Where are taste receptors located?

Answer 18

on the tongue

Question 19

What is another function of the tongue that is not associated with the digestive system?

Answer 19

speech

Question 20

What is the muscular hydrostat?

Answer 20

manipulation of foods via muscular fibers.

Question 21

What is the hardest biological substance on earth?

Answer 21

Enamel

Question 22

What are the three regions of the tooth?

Answer 22

crown, neck, and root

Question 23

What does the enamel cover?

Answer 23

dentin.

Question 24

What lies beneath the dentin?

Answer 24

The pulp cavity

Question 25

What anchors the root of the tooth?

Answer 25

cementum

Question 26

What three glands secrete saliva?

Answer 26

Parotid gland, Submandibular gland, and sublingual gland.

Question 27

What is contained in saliva that begins to breakdown starches?

Answer 27

salivary amylase

Question 28

What is secreted by the tongue to breakdown fats?

Answer 28

lingual lipase.

Question 29

What is food called after chemical digestion?

Answer 29

bolus.

Question 30

How does the bolus move through the esophagus?

Answer 30

peristalsis

Question 31

What is Peristalsis?

Answer 31

rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle

Question 32

What are the functions of the stomach?

Answer 32

food storage, enzymatic digestion, and mechanical digestion.

Question 33

What are the regions of the stomach?

Answer 33

Cardia, Fundus, Body, Fundus, and Pylorus

Question 34

What are the three layers of the stomach?

Answer 34

Outer longitudinal, Inner circular, and Innermost oblique

Question 35

More muscle fibers =

Answer 35

greater range of movement.

Question 36

What is the inner curvature of the stomach called?

Answer 36

the lesser curvature.

Question 37

What connects the stomach to the liver?

Answer 37

the lesser omentum.

Question 38

What is the outer curvature of the stomach called?

Answer 38

the greater curvature.

Question 39

What hangs from the greater curvature and covers the intestines?

Answer 39

the greater omentum.

Question 40

How is mechanical digestion accomplished?

Answer 40

by the contraction of the three smooth muscle layers.

Question 41

How does the stomach store food?

Answer 41

Through the expansion of rugae

Question 42

What are the rugae?

Answer 42

folds of tissue that can expand to increase the volume of the stomach.

Question 43

How does the stomach regulate its storage of food?

Answer 43

Through two sphincters (muscular rings)

Question 44

What prevents backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus?

Answer 44

The lower esophageal sphincter. (Also known as the cardiac sphincter)

Question 45

What dictates when food can be passed on to the small intestine?

Answer 45

The pyloric sphincter.

Question 46

Where does gastric juice come from?

Answer 46

gastric glands.

Question 47

What cells release HCL?

Answer 47

Parietal cells

Question 48

What cells release pepsinogen?

Answer 48

Chief cells

Question 49

What is the pH of HCL?

Answer 49

2

Question 50

What breaks down proteins?

Answer 50

Pepsin

Question 51

What cells release mucus?

Answer 51

Mucus cells.

Question 52

What is food called when it enters the small intestine?

Answer 52

chyme.

Question 53

What are the functions of the small intestine?

Answer 53

enzymatic digestion and absorbtion.

Question 54

What are the three regions of the small intestine?

Answer 54

Duodenum, Jejunum, and the Ilium.

Question 55

How long is the duodenum?

Answer 55

1 foot

Question 56

How long is the Jejunum?

Answer 56

8 feet

Question 57

How long is the Ilium?

Answer 57

11 feet

Question 58

What gland secrete mucus to neutralize highly acidic chyme from the stomach?

Answer 58

duodenal glands.

Question 59

What takes place by brush border enzymes that break chyme down into small subunits?

Answer 59

Chemical digestion.

Question 60

What are the folds that increase surface area for more absorption

Answer 60

Villi

Question 61

Where can you find lots of Villi?

Answer 61

in the jejunum

Question 62

What is found in the sm. intestine that aid in immunity?

Answer 62

Peyer's Patches.

Question 63

What are projections on the villi that increase surface area?

Answer 63

Microvilli.

Question 64

What are the specialized lymphatic vessels that facilitate absorption of large lipids?

Answer 64

Lacteals.

Question 65

What are the functions of the large intestine?

Answer 65

absorbtion of water and excretion of waste.

Question 66

What are the regions of the lg. intestine?

Answer 66

Cecum, Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon, Rectum, and the Anus.

Question 67

What is a little flap that separates the ilium from the cecum?

Answer 67

Ileocecal valve

Question 68

What is the point of the appendix?

Answer 68

immunity

Question 69

What is another name for the ascending colon?

Answer 69

Right colic flexure/hepatic flexure

Question 70

What is another name for the descending colon?

Answer 70

Left colic flexure/ splenic felxure.

Question 71

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 71

secrete enzymes into the main pancreatic duct, which opens into the duodenum

Question 72

What is the fluid in the liver and gall bladder?

Answer 72

bile

Question 73

What does bile do?

Answer 73

emulsifies fats to permit absorption of fats.

Question 74

How does the liver synthesize bile?

Answer 74

from cholesterol.

Question 75

What only stores bile?

Answer 75

The gall bladder.

Question 76

How is bile released?

Answer 76

When it secretes CCK.

Question 77

Where do the liver and gall bladder come together to open at the duodenum?

Answer 77

The common bile duct.

Question 78

Know table 28.1 and 28.2

Answer 78

in xatomy.