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Biology 216 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

A

Nose, nasal passages, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx

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2
Q

What does the lower respiratory tract consist of?

A

trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, lungs, and alveoli.

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3
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

A

passage way for respiration, receptors for smell, filter for immunity and moistens and warms incoming air.

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4
Q

What are the turbinates in the nose?

A

Superior turbinate
Middle turbinate
Inferior Turbinate

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5
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A

decreases weight of skull, produces mucus, and increases resonance of voice.

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6
Q

What are the four siuses?

A

Frontal, Ethmoidal, Sphenoidal, and Maxillary

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7
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

This is the inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the sinuses; aka sinus infection

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8
Q

How is the oral cavity separated from the nasal cavity?

A

by the hard and soft palate

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9
Q

What is the area between the lips and cheeks and gums and teeth?

A

Vestibule Space

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10
Q

What are the three kinds of tonsils?

A

Palatine, lingual, pharyngeal.

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11
Q

What is the purpose of tonsils?

A

protection from airborne pathogens entering the oral cavity

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12
Q

What are some examples of airway obstruction?

A

Foreign body aspiration, inflammation, or anaphylaxis

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13
Q

Where is the Nasopharynx?

A

behind the nasal cavity

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14
Q

Where is the Oropharynx?

A

behind the oral cavity

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15
Q

Where is the Laryngopharynx?

A

behind the larynx

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16
Q

What acts as a passage way for food and air?

A

The pharynx

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17
Q

What is commonly known as the voice box:

A

Larynx

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18
Q

What is known as the adam’s apple?

A

laryngeal prominence

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19
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

produce sound, routes food into the trachea or esophagus.

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20
Q

What does the epiglottis do?

A

makes sure the right things go down the right pipe.

21
Q

What does the epiglottis prevent?

A

choking.

22
Q

What structure is known as the wind pipe?

A

the trachea

23
Q

How is the trachea kept open?

A

Through the C shaped rings of cartilage

24
Q

How is the trachea constricted?

A

the trachealis muscle

25
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

to transport air to and from the lungs.

26
Q

Where do the trachea bifurcates?

A

at the carina

27
Q

What is the successive branching of the trachea?

A

R. and L. main bronchi
Secondary (lobar) bronchi
Tertiary (segmental) bronchi

28
Q

What are the parts of the microscopic branching?

A

bronchioles, alveolar sacs, alveoli, and capillary beds.

29
Q

What are the tiny air filled sacs?

A

alveoli

30
Q

what are the alveoli surrounded by?

A

capillaries

31
Q

What happens at the alveoli-capillary interface?

A

Gas exchange

32
Q

What disease is caused when the alveoli fill with fluid and prevent O2 exchange

A

Pneumonia

33
Q

What tissue allows for protection in the oral cavity and the pharynx?

A

Stratified squamous

34
Q

What tissue allows for mucous production and ciliary action in the airways?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar tissue.

35
Q

What tissue in the alveoli allows for gas exchange?

A

Simple Squamous epithelium

36
Q

What tissue allows for elastic recoil of the lungs which forces oxygen out?

A

Elastic Fibers

37
Q

What cells produce surfactant to reduce surface tensions?

A

Septal cells.

38
Q

What reopens the alveoli when they collapse?

A

the surfactant

39
Q

What makes up the respiratory membrane?

A

simple squamous epithelium from the capillaries and alveoli.

40
Q

What is internal respiration

A

co2 is being picked up as a waste product and oxygenated blood is sent out to the body tissue

41
Q

What is external respiration

A

deoxygenated blood goes thru the pulmonary arteries to the lungs

42
Q

What is the movement of air into and out of the lungs?

A

pulmonary ventilation

43
Q

expiration:

A

relaxation

44
Q

inspiration:

A

contraction of the diaphragm

45
Q

What is emphysema?

A

loss of elasticity and recoil; the alveoli cannot exchange gas and it destroys the tissue.

46
Q

What us asthma?

A

hyper-sensitive airways typically triggered by environmental inducers.

47
Q

What happens during asthma?

A

constriction of airways, muscular contraction of smooth muscles lining the bronchioles.

48
Q

What is spitometry?

A

the is measuring lung volumes and capacities

Biology 216 (7 decks)

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