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Biology 216 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the female reproduction system?

A

Produce gametes for propagation and hormones for female sex characteristics

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2
Q

What is the production of eggs via meiosis?

A

Oogenesis

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3
Q

What are the two rounds of cells division that turn a diploid cell into a haploid cell?

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

What type of cell has two copies of each chromosome?

A

Diploid cell

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5
Q

What type of cell has only one copy of each chromosome?

A

A Haploid Cell

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6
Q

What produces two identical diploid daughter cells (clones)?

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

What produces four haploid genetically different cells?

A

Meiosis

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8
Q

When does Oogenesis begin?

A

BEFORE BIRTH and matures each month

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9
Q

Before birth what is the “start cell”?

A

Oogonium (diploid)

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10
Q

What is arrested in prophase I?

A

1 degree Oocyte

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11
Q

After birth, what is stimulated to continue meiosis?

A

The primary oocyte

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12
Q

What is arrested in metaphase II until fertilization?

A

Second degree oocyte

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13
Q

What is the completed product of meiosis II?

A

a mature ovum (haploid)

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14
Q

Where does oogenesis occur?

A

In the ovaries

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15
Q

During ovulation, how many ovum are released?

A

only one

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16
Q

What sweeps the egg from the ovary into the fallopian tubes?

A

The fimbrae

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17
Q

How does the egg travel through the fallopian tube?

A

infundibulum, ampulla, and the isthmus.

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18
Q

Where do the fallopian tubes lead to?

A

Uterus

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19
Q

How does the egg exit if it is not fertilized?

A

the cervix

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20
Q

Where does the cervix lead to?

A

the vaginal canal

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21
Q

What is the last part of the female reproductive system that exits the body?

A

The vaginal canal

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22
Q

What are the three regions of the uterus that go from superficial to deep?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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23
Q

What is the smooth muscle of the uterus that contracts during labor?

A

the myometrium

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24
Q

What is the epithelial lining/tissue that will shed during menses?

A

Endometrium

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25
What is the curve on the superior portion of the uterus?
The fundus.
26
What holds the ovary to the uterus?
Ovarian Ligament
27
What ligament of the uterus attaches the ovary to the body wall?
Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary
28
What is the ligament of the uterus that connects ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes?
The broad ligament
29
What portion of the broad ligament supports the ovaries?
Mesovarium portion
30
What is the portion of the broad ligament that supports the uterus?
Mesomentrium portion.
31
What ligament of the uterus to the anterior body wall?
Round ligament
32
What ligament of the uterus attaches the uterus to the posterior body wall?
uterosacral ligament
33
What is the external genitalia of the female?
Vulva
34
What is the fat pad that acts as a cushion during intercourse?
Mons pubis
35
What surrounds and protects the vestibule?
Labia majora and minora
36
What is the region between the vulva and anus?
The perineum
37
What structures are in the vestibule?
Clitoris external urethral oriface, greater and lesser vestibular glands.
38
What has more nerve endings, the penis or clitoris?
The clitoris has twice as many as the penis
39
how is the clitoris bisected?
Corpus cavernosa, and the crus clitoris
40
How are the genitals developed and differentiated between male and female?
Differentiation is dependent on hormonal stimulation.
41
What are two disorders that deal with ambiguous genitalia?
Micropenis and Clitoromegaly
42
What is the coordination of two seperate but interdependent cycles?
The menstrual cycle
43
What is the goal of the ovarian and the uterine cycle?
to produce a mature egg and deliver it to the prepared uterus
44
What day of the cycle marks the beginning of the ovarian cycle where about a dozen primordial follicles (containing primary oocytes) develop into primary follicles by completing meiosis I
Day 0
45
What day of the cycle is responsible for the growth of the primary follicle?
Day 1-13
46
What day of the cycle is ovulation?
Day 14
47
What is when the secondary oocyte is released from the ovary?
Ovulation
48
What happens during ovulation?
The egg goes to the fallopian tube and awaits fertilization by sperm
49
What day of the ovarian cycle does the tertiary follicles degenerate into the corpus lutetum?
Day 15-25
50
What secretes progesterone for 10 days?
Corpus lutetum
51
What day of the ovarian cycle does the unfertilized egg leave the corpus luteum and degrades it into corpus albicans?
Day 26-28
52
What are the three phases of the uterine cycle?
Menstrual phase Proliferative phase Secretory phase
53
What is the day of the uterine cycle does menses occur?
Day 0-6
54
What happens at the menstrual phase?
The shedding of the endometrium layer
55
What part of the uterine cycle does the endometrium thicken?
Proliferative phase which happens day 7-14
56
When is the endometrium at its thickest?
Day 15-28; during the secretory phase
57
What causes the endometrium to thicken?
progesterone.
58
What happens if fertilization does not occue?
the fetus will secrete progesterone to sustain the corpus luteum until the placenta is formed
59
How are the events in the ovary and uterus coordinted?
hormones of the hypothalamus, ovaries, and anterior pituitary gland
60
What causes the follicle to grow?
FSH (during days 0-13)
61
What triggers ovulation?
LH (during days 14)
62
What is secreted by the ovaries to grow the endometrium and a decline triggers menses?
Estrogen and progesterone
63
When are hormones at their all time low?
Day 28... this causes PMS
64
What is the pathway of sperm into the female?
Sperm-> vagina -> fornix at the end of the vagina -> external cervical os -> cevix -> internal cervical os -> uterus -> fallopian tubes
65
Where is the egg fertilized?
in the fallopian tubes within 24 hours of ovulatio.
66
What is the fertilized egg called?
a zygote.
67
What is the division of a zygote as it migrates to the uterus?
Zygote-2 cell stage - 4 cell stage- morulla- blastocyte.
68
What occurs as the blastocyst uses enzymes to burrow into the endometrium on day 7?
Implantation
69
What connects the baby to the placenta?
The umbilical cord.
70
What is the part of the mother and allows for nutrient exchange?
The placenta.
71
What are the mammary glands supposed to do?
Produce milk
72
What are the parts of the boob that aid in milk production?
Mammary lobule Lactiferous Duct Lactiferous Sinus

Biology 216 (7 decks)

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