Digestive System II Flashcards
1
Q
how long does the bolus remain in the stomach?
A
2-4 hours
2
Q
why does the pyloric sphincter release the chime a little bit at a time?
A
because chime has a very low pH
3
Q
length of small duodenum
A
25 cm
4
Q
length of jejunum
A
2.5 m
5
Q
length of ileum
A
3.5 m
6
Q
how does small intestine get its name?
A
small diameter
7
Q
how much absorption occurs in the small intestine?
A
90%
8
Q
is digestion of macro molecules complete once chime leaves the stomach?
A
No, continues in small intestine
9
Q
fingerlike projections of mucosa
A
Vili
10
Q
projections of apical membrane of intestinal absorptive cells
A
Microvilli
11
Q
the striated border caused by
A
Microvilli
12
Q
what are the three things that increase the surface area of the small intestine?
A
Microvilli
Vili
Plicae circulares
13
Q
permanent folds that have core of submucosa
A
Plicae circulares
14
Q
projections of the small intestine that are 0.5-1.5mm in length
A
Vili
15
Q
what is at the core of the Plicae circulares?
A
submucosa
16
Q
what is the core of the vili
A
lamina propria
17
Q
what is the core of microvilli
A
actin
18
Q
absorptive cells of the small intestine
A
enterocytes
19
Q
mucosa is made of
A
epithelium & Crypts of Lieberkühn
20
Q
what type of gland is the crypt
A
tubular glands
21
Q
what types of cells are in Crypts of Lieberkühn
A
Paneth cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Stem cells
22
Q
are paneth cells endocrine of exocrine?
A
exocrine
23
Q
what do paneth cells secrete?
A
lysozymes
24
Q
what is the function os paneth cells
A
keep bacterial flora of S. intestine in check
25
what are the properties the secretory granules of paneth cells
large graphics las at apical surface
| eosinophilic
26
what cells can be found in the submucosa of the duodenum ?
Brunner's glands
27
what do Brunner's glands secrete?
produce alkaline mucous
28
how many layers of smooth muscle does the small intestine have?
2:
Outer longitudinal
Inner circular
29
what portion(s) of the small intestine are covered by serosa?
jejunum & ileum
30
what portion(s) of the small intestine are covered by adventitia?
duodenum portions that are retroperitoneal
31
structures that are covered by serosa are what?
intraperitoneal
32
structures that are covered by adventitia are what?
retroperitoneal
33
where do Brunner's glands secrete
into crypt
34
what do Brunner's glands secrete?
Mucin
35
what does the Brunner's glands secretion do?
helps to neutralize chime
| alkaline
36
where do the cells of the crypt not go beyond?
muscularis mucosa
37
what is important for fat absorption
lacteals
38
lymphatic nodules are more concentrated in what portion of the small intestine?
ileum
39
what are the collection of lymphatic nodules in the ileum called?
payers patches
40
what kind of stain affinity do payers patches have?
Basophilic
41
what do M cells transfer their sampling of intestinal material, from the lumen, to?
Macrophages
42
what type of nodules are present in the lamina propria and submucosa of the ileum
lymphatic
43
specialized epithelial cells in ileum overlying Peyer’s patches
M (microfold) cells
44
delivers enzymes (juice) into the duodenum via ducts
pancreas
45
produces bile
liver
46
emulsifies lipids
bile
47
stores, concentrates, and delivers biles into duodenum
gallbladder
48
what duct do bile leave the gallbladder through
common bile
49
what do the major pancreatic duct & common bile duct form?
hepatopancreatic ampulla
50
major site of digestion and absorption of water & nutrients
small intestine
51
a type of peristalsis consisting of waves of contraction and relaxation of circular and longitudinal smooth muscles
Migrating motility complex
52
does the large intestine have plicae circulares?
No
53
does the large intestine have vili?
No
54
what is the role of the large intestine
reapportion of water and electrolytes
55
role of bacteria flora in large intestine
break down of AA & vit B and K
56
longitudinal smooth muscles grouping into bands
Tenia coli
57
this is not found in the rectum, anal canal or appendix
Tenia coli
58
pockets in the large intestine
Haustra
59
small fatty projections of serosa
Omental or epiploic appendages
60
folds of mucosa in large intestine
Anal columns
61
what cells of the crypts aren't found in the large intestine?
paneth cells
62
why don't we want paneth cells in the large intestine
b/c Bactria are important
63
Absorptive cells in the large intestine
colonocytes
64
what cell population increases in the large intestine
goblet cells
65
what portion of the large intestine of the do glands show up in the submucosa
anal canal
66
what glands are found in the submucosa of the anal canal
mucous glands
67
invagination of cecum
appendix
68
small irregular lumen
appendix
69
”tonsil of the abdomen”
appendix
70
how many zones is the anal canal divided into
3
71
1-2cm in length & simple columnar epithelium portion of the anal canal
Colorectal Zone
72
muscularis mucosae disappears in this portion of the anal canal
Anal Transitional Zone (ATZ)
73
mixed epithelium portion of the anal canal
Anal Transitional Zone (ATZ)
74
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium portion of the anal canal
Squamous Zone
75
out growth of epithelium of the digestive tract
accessory organs
76
connects to the digestive tract through ducts
accessory organs
77
the tail of pancreas points to what part of the spleen
hilum
78
what percent of the pancreas function is exocrine
98%
79
what part of the pancreas are endocrine?
islet of langerhans
80
synthesize and secrete different enzymes that lead to duodeumnum
pancreas
81
what form are pancreatic enzymes secreted in
inactive
82
secretes sodium bicarbonate
pancreas
83
function of sodium bicarbonate
buffer chime
84
secretory portion of gland
Acini
85
produce insulin & glucagon
Islets of Langerhans
86
secrete sodium bicarbonate
intercalated duct
87
supplies 25% of blood to the liver
hepatic artery
88
supplies oxygenated blood to the liver
hepatic artery
89
supplies deoxygenated, nutrient rich blood to the liver
hepatic portal vein (75%)
90
blood in the hepatic portal vein comes from
stomach
large intestine
spleen
91
what system has two capillary beds?
portal
92
why is it important for the liver to remove bilirubin from the blood
toxic to body
93
six sides functional units of the liver
hepatic lobules
94
specialized cells of the hepatic lobules
hepatocytes
95
how does bilirubin leave the liver
with bile
96
Hepatocytes have microvilli that extend into a perisinusoidal space called
space of Disse
97
the space between the endothelial cells and hepatocytes
space of Disse
98
The largest cells lining the sinusoids of the hepatic lobules
Kupffer Cells
99
stellate macrophages
Kupffer Cells
100
involved with the breakdown of some damaged or old RBCs that reach the liver from the spleen
Kupffer Cells
101
these cells store hepatic vitamin A
Hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells)
102
life span of an RBC
120 days
103
how much bile can the gallbladder hold?
30-50 mL
104
not organize so gallbladder can squeeze hard to release bile
musculares externa
105
contains a lot of mitochondria
gallbladder
