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Mia's Anatomy: Unit 2 > Lower abdomen lecture > Flashcards

Lower abdomen lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Gastric juices convert a mass of food to a semiliquid mixture

A

chyme

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2
Q

entrance from esophagus

A

Cardiac orifice

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3
Q

exit to duodenum through the

A

Pyloric sphincter

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4
Q

temporary folds within the body of the stomach are called

A

Rugae

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5
Q

acts as a food blender and a reservoir

A

stomach

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6
Q

allow for expansion of the stomach & for movement

A

Rugae

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7
Q

portion of the small intestine that is retroperitoneal

A

Duodenum

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8
Q

portion of the small intestine that is relatively fixed

A

Duodenum

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9
Q

portion of the small intestine that is tethered but mobile

A

jejunum & ileum

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10
Q

where does the ileum empty?

A

ileocecal junction

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11
Q

permanent folds within intestine that increase surface area

A

Plicae Circularis

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12
Q

fold in the small intestine that become more diffuse distally

A

Plicae Circularis

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13
Q

the superior portion of the the duodenum is at what vertebral level

A

L1

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14
Q

the superior portion of the duodenum is what to the bile duct and gastroduodenal A.

A

Anterior

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15
Q

the descending portion of the duodenum is at what vertebral level

A

L2-3

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16
Q

the descending portion of the duodenum is at what vertebral level

A

L3-2

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17
Q

the descending portion of the duodenum is anterior to what

A

inferior vena cava & aorta

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18
Q

the descending portion of the duodenum is posterior to what

A

SMA

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19
Q

widest part of the small intestine

A

duodenum

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20
Q

the duodenum is connected to the liver by what ligament

A

hepatodoudenal

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21
Q

what part of the duodenum isn’t retroperitoneal

A

the superior part

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22
Q

how many branches of the SMA contribute to the supply go both jejunum and ileum

A

15-18

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23
Q

what portion of arterial supply to the jejunum & ileum increases from proximal to distal

A

arterial arcades

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24
Q

what portion of arterial supply to the jejunum & ileum decreases from proximal to distal

A

Vasa recta

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25
what embryological structure is an ileal diverticulum remnant of
yolk stalk
26
where is the ileal diverticulum located
~1m proximal to ileocecal valve
27
where does the colon terminate
rectum
28
which flexure is a more acute bend at the junction of the transverse and descending colon
Splenic
29
which colic flexure is generally the most superior and posterior of the flexures?
Splenic
30
what attaches the splenic flexure to the diaphragm?
splenocolic ligament
31
what opens into cecum inferior to ileocecal orifice
Veriform Appendix
32
mesentery that hold the appendix to the ileum
mesoappendix or triangular mesentery
33
blind end tube located most commonly retrocecal
Appendix
34
what is the function of the appendix?
not well defined or understood
35
what type of pain is common with inflammation of the appendix?
vague pain at the periumbilical region
36
where does the referred pain from inflammation of the appendix originate
T10
37
why does the referred pain from appendix inflammation turn into sharp pain
irritation of peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall
38
what vertebral level is the umbilicus located?
L4
39
contains stomach, liver and spleen
Supracolic compartment
40
contains small intestine and ascending & descending colon
Infracolic compartment
41
what divides the abdominal cavity into 2 compartments
Transvers mesocolon
42
3 smooth muscle bands paralleling length of colon
Teniae coli
43
outpouchings produced by teniae coli
Haustra coli
44
fat tags found along the colon
Epiploic appendages
45
1st major branch of Abdominal aorta
Celiac Trunk
46
what are the three main branches of the Celiac Trunk
Common hepatic a. L. gastric a. Splenic a.
47
Supplies liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas & spleen
Celiac Trunk
48
Midgut supply
SMA
49
distal half of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
Midgut
50
2nd major branch of abdominal aorta
Superior Mesenteric A. (SMA)
51
Celiac trunks anastomose w/ SMA by the
inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
52
3rd major branch of abdominal aorta
Inferior Mesenteric A. (IMA)
53
supplies colon from distal 1/3 of transverse colon
Inferior Mesenteric A. (IMA)
54
~5 cm superior to aortic bifurcation
Inferior Mesenteric A. (IMA)
55
anastomose and supply head of pancreas & duodenum
superior & inferior pancreaticoduodenal
56
crosses over ureters & iliac vessels
Ovarian aa
57
descends to pelvis to supply ovaries
Ovarian aa
58
crosses over ureters & enters inguinal canal
Testicular aa
59
descends into scrotum to supply testes
Testicular aa
60
lateral branches of abdominal aorta
Gonadal Aa
61
descends along the anterior surface of the psoas muscle
Gonadal Aa
62
do not have to come off at the same level
Paired branches of the aorta
63
largest vein in body
inferior vena cava
64
begins at ~L5 level
inferior vena cava
65
returns blood to the RA of heart
inferior vena cava
66
returns poorly oxygenated blood from LL, most of the back, abdominal wall, & abdominopelvic viscera
inferior vena cava
67
Blood from viscera first pass through the
Portal venous system
68
Venus drainage is usually inferior to superior except
in the head
69
must pass through the liver via the hepatic vv before entering the IVC
Portal venous system
70
Formed by union of splenic and superior mesenteric vv.
Portal Vein (L2)
71
Venous return from ____ (4) enters the portal vein
Spleen Pancreas Gall bladder Abdominal gastrointestinal tract
72
Returns nutrient rich, poorly oxygenated blood to the liver
Portal Vein (L2)
73
get rid of what we don’t want circulating to the heart and brain
liver
74
what forms the portal vein?
splenic & superior mesenteric V forms portal
75
what does the inferior mesenteric v. drain into before entering the liver?
splenic vein
76
which veins are valve-less?
portal & caval
77
what drains either in direction in case of collateral emergency?
portal-caval Anastomoses
78
what are the 4 portal-Caval Anastomoses
gastric vv & esophageal vv paraumbilical vv & epigastric vv superior rectal vv & middle/inferior rectal vv colic vv & retroperitoneal vv
79
what allows for drainage in either direction?
valve-less portal-caval Anastomoses
80
Portal hypertension- increase in portal pressure causes by
cirrhosis
81
anastomoses of the abdomen
portal-caval Anastomoses
82
what NS is the viscera inverted by
autonomic
83
what nerve is CN X
vagus
84
esophageal and cardiac stomach that start in abdominal cavity vertebral level
T5
85
Sympathetic fibers originate
T5-L2
86
post-synaptic fibers of sympathetic travel on all main
arterial branches
87
presynaptic fibers Innervation of the head, Cervical cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves, Spinal nerves to neck, upper trunk, & upper limb
Ascend then synapse
88
presynaptic fibers innervate thoracic cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves, Spinal nerves to middle trunk
Synapse at level of exit
89
presynaptic fibers innervate Spinal nerves to lower trunk & lower limb
Descend then synapse
90
presynaptic fibers innervation of abdominopelvic viscera
Pass through without synapsing
91
Greater splanchnic nerve vertebral level
T5-T9
92
Greater splanchnic nerve collateral ganglion
Celiac trunk
93
Lesser splanchnic nerve collateral ganglion
SMA
94
Lesser splanchnic nerve vertebral level
T10-T11
95
Least splanchnic nerve vertebral level
T12
96
Least splanchnic nerve collateral ganglion
Renal
97
Preganglionic sympathetics travel via splanchnic nerves to synapse on
collateral ganglia
98
collateral ganglia of the abdomen
Celiac SMA Aorticorenal Lumbar
99
nerves which pass from the lumbar sympathetic trunk to enter the prevertebral plexus
Lumbar splanchnic
100
descending and sigmoid colon by these preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
Pelvic splanchnic
101
Parasympathetic from S2-S4
Pelvic splanchnic
102
supplies foregut and mid gut derivatives
Vagus nerve
103
supplies distal 1/3 of the colon & on
S2-4
104
IMA and branches
S2-4
105
parasympathetic preganglionic cell body’s are located
craniosacral
106
parasympathetic postganglionic cell body’s are located
walls of the organ they innervate
107
celiac trunk, SMA, renal aa, and all their branches are inverted by
Vagus nerve
108
comes through the diaphragm with esophagus
CN X

Mia's Anatomy: Unit 2 (7 decks)

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