Digestive System III

Question 1

The pancreas has two functions, what are these?

Answer 1

• exocrine
• endocrine (islets)

Question 2

What does the pancreas produce that aids the body?

Answer 2

enzymes

Question 3

What are the components that the pancreas secretes in the exocrine system?

Answer 3

• sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3-)
• digestive enzymes
• zymogens
• trypsinogen

Question 4

What are the components that the pancreas secretes in the endocrine system?

Answer 4

• insulin
• glucagon
• somatostatin
• gastrin
• pancreatic polypeptide

Question 5

What do digestive enzymes break down in the exocrine system of the pancreas?

Answer 5

• starch
• fat
• protein
• nucleic acids

Question 6

What makes up zymogens in the exocrine system of the pancreas?

Answer 6

enzymes packed in

Question 7

Which component of the pancreas breaks down glucose?

Answer 7

glucagon

Question 8

What are the two kinds of cells in the pancreas that make up the exocrine system?

Answer 8

• acinar cells (with zymogen granules)
• centroacinar cells

Question 9

What is the name of the component that secretes endocrine secretions in the pancreas?

Answer 9

pancreatic islets (Islet of Langerhans)

Question 10

The endocrine islet of the pancreas is surrounded by ____.

Answer 10

capillaries

Question 11

What are the two types of cells in the pancreatic islets? What do each secrete?

Answer 11

• beta cells - insulin
• alpha cells - glucagon

Question 12

What are the four lobes of the liver called?

Answer 12

• right
• left
• caudate
• quadrate hilum (porta hepatis)

Question 13

What is the primary function of the liver?

Answer 13

allows for the body to maintain a controlled level of glucose

Question 14

What is the liver’s only digestive function?

Answer 14

produces bile

Question 15

What factors does the liver synthesize?

Answer 15

• glucose (fats and amino acids)
• cholesterol (other lipids)
• proteins of blood plasma
• blood clotting factors

Question 16

What factors does the liver catabolize or degrade?

Answer 16

• amino acids
• alcohol, antibiotics, other drugs

Question 17

What factor does the liver metabolize?

Answer 17

bilirubin from expired RBCs

Question 18

What components does bile consist of? What are the only useful components?

Answer 18

• minerals
• bile pigments (bilirubin)
• cholesterol
• fats
• phospholipids (lecithin)
• bile acids (steroids)

Question 19

What are the cells in the liver that surround the central vein?

Answer 19

hepatocytes

Question 20

What is the component of the liver called where hepatocytes meet back-to-back? What is located between lobules?

Answer 20

bile canaliculi; bile ductules

Question 21

What kind of cells are the macrophages of the liver?

Answer 21

Kupffer cells

Question 22

Which kind of capillaries are located in the liver?

Answer 22

hepatic sinusoids

Question 23

What is the gallbladdar/liver system called?

Answer 23

the biliary system

Question 24

What are the ducts that lead into the gallbladdar called?

Answer 24

• right and left hepatic ducts
• bile duct
• cystic duct

Question 25

What is the opening called from the pancreas into the duodenum called?

Answer 25

Ampulla of Vater

Question 26

What does the Ampulla of Vater do?

Answer 26

controls the entry of bile into the duodenum

Question 27

What is the end of the gallbladdar called?

Answer 27

fundus

Question 28

What kind of epitheliun does the gallbladdar have?

Answer 28

simple columnar epithelium with a brush border

Question 29

How would you describe the mucosa in the gallbladdar?

Answer 29

it is highly convoluted

Question 30

What is the procedure called that removes the gallbladdar?

Answer 30

laparoscopic procedure