Digestive System- stomach

Question 1

mixing motility

Answer 1

= segmentation

Question 2

propulsion/moving forward motility

Answer 2

= peristaltic

Question 3

innermost tissue layer

Answer 3

mucosa

Question 4

thick layer of CT and gland tissue.

contains larger lymph and blood vessels. contains nerve network

Answer 4

submucosa

Question 5

inner layer of circular and longitudinal muscles, nerves organized into plexus. this layer regulates movment

Answer 5

muscular externa

Question 6

serosa

Answer 6

outer layer, CT, fold to connect to mesentary

Question 7

where are lymph nodes found

Answer 7

in mucosa layer

Question 8

3 major salivary glands

Answer 8

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 9

cells on esophagus

Answer 9

stratified squamous ( then has the same 4 layers as in digestive tract)

Question 10

rugae

Answer 10

disappear when stomach is full

Question 11

pylorus

Answer 11

the furthest part of the stomach - by the pyloric sphincter

Question 12

mucous neck cells secrete

Answer 12

mucus to protect against resin and acid

Question 13

chief cells secrete

Answer 13

pepsinogen

Question 14

parietal cells secrete

Answer 14

HCL

intrinsic factor

Question 15

what does HCL do

Answer 15

activates pepsinogen and denatures other proteins

Question 16

endocrine cells secrete

Answer 16

gherlin hormone

Question 17

what secretes HCL

Answer 17

parietal cells

Question 18

what secretes enzymes

Answer 18

chief cells

Question 19

what secretes intrinsic factor

Answer 19

parietal cells

Question 20

what secretes ghrelin

Answer 20

endocrine cells

Question 21

3 layers of the mucosa layer

Answer 21

1. membrane
2. lamina propria
3. muscular mucosa

Question 22

lamina propria

Answer 22

thin layer of CT under the mucous membrane (2nd layer in mucosa layer)

Question 23

GALT

Answer 23

gut associated lymphoid tissue ( found in the lamina propria

Question 24

submucosa in stomach

Answer 24

has larger lymph and blood vessels

• nerve network - plexus
• thick layer of CT

Question 25

muscular externa

Answer 25

major smooth muscle coat of digestive tube. usually 3 layers | - oblique, circular, longitudinal

Question 26

serosa

Answer 26

secretes fluid to lubricate and prevent friction

Question 27

mesenteries

Answer 27

double sheet of serious membranes - stabilize and position organs - provide network of vessels nerves and lymph to digestive tract

Question 28

mixing in stomach takes place in

Answer 28

antrum of stomach

Question 29

storage in stomach takes place in the

Answer 29

body of stomach

Question 30

principle regulator in gastric emptying?

Answer 30

controlled by duodenum ( fat, acid, hypertonicity, distension) - fat is slow- less emptying -acid- needs to be neutralized in the duodenum ( high acidic meals take longer) - hypertonicity- build up of aa and glucose slows emptying - distension- too much chyme in duodenum prevents more emptying

Question 31

factors in the docdenum (fat, acid, distension, hypertonicity) can trigger either?

Answer 31

1. neural response | 2. hormonal response

Question 32

neural response

Answer 32

enterogastric reflex that acts to slow the peristaltic activity - smooth muscle contractions- autonomic system

Question 33

hormonal response

Answer 33

release gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) in response to (after factor in duodenum triggers less gastric emptying )which acts on gastric muscles to decrease peristalsis

Question 34

three phases of gastric secretion

Answer 34

cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase

Question 35

cephalic phase

Answer 35

thinking of food triggers release of gastric juice | - nerve mechanism through parasympathetic

Question 36

gastric phase

Answer 36

distension of stomach triggers parasympathetic reflexes to increase gastric juice secretions - nerve and hormal response bc gastrin ( hormone) is also secreted by G cells) which casues increased secretion of gastric juice

Question 37

gastrin

Answer 37

hormone produced by endocrine G cells that promotes release of gastric juice

Question 38

intestinal phase

Answer 38

triggers endocrine response | - food enters the SI, stomach activity is decreased by gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), CCK and secretin

Question 39

which hormones oppose the action of gastrin

Answer 39

CCK, GIP and secretin - these stimulate ejection of bile from pancreas

Question 40

2 areas that secrete gastric juice

Answer 40

oxyntic mucosa and pyloric gland area

Question 41

where do the digestive hormones come from?

Answer 41

oxyntic mucosa which contains gastric glands that have endocrine, chief, parietal and ECL cells

Question 42

what are exocrine cells

Answer 42

secrete through ducts - mucous, chief, parietal - found in the oxyntic mucosa

Question 43

ECL

Answer 43

endocrine cell dominant in the oxyntic mucosa : secretes histamine which stimulates parietal cells

Question 44

cells in the pyloric gland area

Answer 44

mucous, G cells and D cells

Question 45

G cells

Answer 45

gastrin

Question 46

gastrin

Answer 46

stimulates exocrine cells

Question 47

D cells

Answer 47

inhibitory secretions - somatostatin | - inhibits G cells, parietal cells and ESL cells

Question 48

what casues 60% of ulcers

Answer 48

helicobacter pylori which creates alkaline envirment around it to stay alive

Question 49

what can prevent HCL formation

Answer 49

proton pump inhibitors

Question 50

adventitia

Answer 50

CT outer layer of esophagus

Question 51

duct cells

Answer 51

pancreas secrete buffer