Discrepancies Flashcards
ABO discrepancies are unexpected reactions in the _____ and _____ grouping.
ABO discrepancies are usually resolved by repeating the test on the same sample using a _____ suspension.
Before resolving ABO discrepancies, any _____ factor should be reviewed and corrected first.
Relevant information needed to resolve ABO discrepancies includes age, diagnosis, medications, history of _____, and history of _____.
If an ABO discrepancy persists, record the results but delay the release of _____ until the discrepancy is resolved.
forward, reverse
saline
technical
transfusion, pregnancy
typing interpretation
Group I discrepancies involve unexpected reactions in the _____ grouping due to weak or missing antibodies.
Group I discrepancies occur due to depressed _____ production.
Common populations with Group I discrepancies include newborns, elderly patients, patients with _____, and those undergoing _____.
Other populations affected by Group I discrepancies include patients in _____ or _____, and cases of _____.
reverse
antibody
leukemia, immunosuppressive therapy
plasma transfusion, exchange, chimerism
To resolve Group I discrepancies, incubate patient serum and reagent RBCs at _____ for 15-30 minutes.
An _____ and _____ must also be performed to rule out cold agglutinin reactions.
room temperature
autocontrol, O cell control
Group II discrepancies involve unexpected reactions in the _____ grouping due to weak or missing _____.
Possible causes of Group II discrepancies include ABO _____, leukemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and the _____ phenomenon.
Other possible causes of Group II discrepancies are blood group-specific _____ and _____.
forward, antigens
subgroups, acquired B
soluble substances, chimerism
To resolve Group II discrepancies, first incubate the test mixture at _____ for 30 minutes.
If step #4 remains negative, incubate the test mixture at _____ for 15-30 minutes.
In cases of acquired B phenomenon, treat patient RBCs with _____.
To remove blood group-specific soluble substances, wash patient RBCs with _____.
room temperature
4°C
acetic anhydride
saline
Group III discrepancies involve unexpected reactions in both _____ and _____ grouping due to increased plasma proteins causing _____ formation.
Possible causes of Group III discrepancies include elevated _____ levels (e.g., plasma cell dyscrasias) and elevated plasma _____.
Other causes include the presence of _____ (e.g., dextran) and _____ in cord blood samples.
forward, reverse, rouleaux
globulin, fibrinogen
plasma expanders, Wharton’s jelly
To resolve Group III discrepancies, wash RBCs several times with _____.
For cord blood samples, wash RBCs _____ times with saline.
saline
6-8
Group IV discrepancies involve unexpected reactions in both _____ and _____ grouping due to miscellaneous problems.
Possible causes include cold reactive _____, circulating RBCs of more than one ABO group, and unexpected ABO _____.
Other possible causes include unexpected non-ABO _____.
forward, reverse
autoantibodies, isoagglutinins
alloantibodies
To resolve Group IV discrepancies, incubate patient RBCs at _____ for a short period, wash with saline 3x, and repeat _____ grouping.
Warm patient serum and reagent cells at _____ and repeat _____ grouping.
Perform _____ to remove autoantibodies from patient serum.
Repeat reverse grouping using at least three ABO specificities such as _____, _____, B, and O.
Perform an _____ panel to identify unexpected antibodies.
37°C, forward
37°C, reverse
autoadsorption
A1, A2
antibody
