Why was John Snow’s study of Cholera and the Broad Street water pump important?
Showed that Cholera was being spread by fecal-oral route and the water supply.
What bacterium did Robert Koch first isolate and then inoculate into healthy animals to cause disease, marking the beginning of modern germ theory?
Bacillus anthracis
What disease did Louis Pasteur develop a vaccine against in 1881?
Anthrax
Ronald Ross discovered that ______ is transmitted by mosquitoes.
Malaria
Walter Reed discovered that _______ is transmitted by mosquitoes.
Yellow Fever
T/F: In disease prevention, identifying the specific agent is generally the most important factor.
FALSE: knowing the mode of transmission is more important.
Disease transmission is a result of interaction between host, agent, and environment. What factors make up the environment?
Physical properties
Animals
Built structures like barns, and the animals within them
What is the “Chain” of Infection?
Pathogenic microorganism > reservoir > portal of exit > mode of transmission > means of entry > host susceptibility
What is the difference between the latent period and the incubation period?
Latent period: microbe is replicating but not enough to be INFECTIOUS.
Incubation: microbe is replicating but not enough to cause SYMPTOMS. Can be infectious!
What is the difference between a contagious disease and a communicable disease?
Contagious dz are transmitted via direct or airborne routes, and can be controlled with quarantine.
Communicable dz can be transmitted by direct or indirect routes (reservoir) and can’t be controlled with quarantine of infected individuals.
What are the 3 factors that denote a reservoir?
Naturally infected with the pathogen
Maintains pathogen over time
Can transmit disease to a new, susceptible host
What disease is the long-fingered bat a reservoir for?
Ebola
T/F: All sick animals are reservoirs.
FALSE AF
Which bacterium caused disease in multiple hare hunters in Germany?
Francisella tularensis
The first hunter to be diagnosed with Tularemia, and attract the attention of public health professionals is considered the _____ ____.
Index case
What is a case definition?
Application of uniform criteria to a patient to determine if they have a specific disease (exposure, signs, diagnostic results).
In the Germany hare hunting case, how was Tularemia determined to have been spread?
Inhalation. People within 5m of where the rabbits were disemboweled and cleaned were infected.
