Diseases of the face Flashcards
(42 cards)
which breed is overrepresented in canine chronic ulcerative gingivostomatitis ?
greyhounds
at what age does craniomandibular osteopathy present?
3-8 months old
what is the cause of craniomandibular osteopathy?
monogenic mutation in chromosome 5, which is autosomal dominant and has incomplete penetrance for westies, scotish and cairn terriers. (wiggs)
which bredds are affected by craniomandibular osteopathy?
mainly westies and scottish terriers
what bones are more commonly affected in craniomandibular osteopathy?
mandibles and tympanic bullae
what are the histopathologic characteristics of eosinophilic granuloma?
granulation tissue is more sclerotic than edematous; it features increased amounts of collagen matrix, plump fibroblasts, and blood vessels lined by hypertrophied endothelial cells.
intravascular and extravasated eosinophils range from few to numerous.
Neutrophilic inflammation is also expected.
what is the ideal treatment for eosinophilic granuloma?
- identifying and removing exposure to the underlying cause.
- Rule out food allergy and atopy.
- Control of ectoparasites
what is the difference between eosinophilic granuloma and ulcer?
granuloma: proliferative, - linear, well-circumscribed, raised lesion, cheek, lip commissure, hard palate, soft palate, base of the tongue, lip margin with chin swelling, giving the cat a “pouting” look
ulcer: flat, well-circumscribed lesion, most frequently located on the upper lip, not painful
Briefly name potential causes for chronic feline gingivostomatitis
- less diverse oral flora, involving Pasteurella Multocida
- Hyperimmune response
- Concurrent dental disease
- FCV infection
- Tannerella forsythia is associated with more severe lesions
- inadequate b cell function
- colony cats
- elevated IgG and IgM, lower IgA in the saliva
describe the ideal diagnostic workup for a stomatitis cat
- eliminate other systemic conditions for poor thriving
- Perform a full examination of the head and mouth
- Score the oral soft tissues using the standard method (e.g., SDAI)
- Testi for FCV/FHV
- tests for retroviruses (FIV, FeLV)
- Biopsy to eliminate neoplasms
what does stomatitis look like on histo?
- Abundant inflammatory cell infiltrates. They are lymphoplasmacytic, but mostly plasmacytic. Expansion of the mucosal lamina propria by sheets of mature plasma cells in which Mott cells are usually easy to find. The inflammatory infiltrates are superficial, but may extend into the underlying submucosa.
- At the surface, the mucosal epithelium is typically intact despite heavy infiltrates of plasma cells that are immediately deep to the basement membrane. Although not ulcerated in most cases, the epithelium is often attenuated due to erosion. Epithelial hyperplasia can be quite exaggerated and demonstrate features of dysplasia.
what is the ideal stomatitis patient to receive feline recombinant interferon omega?
FCV positive
long-term non-responder to full mouth extraction.
what does hyperparathyroidism look like on radiograph?
loss of the lamina dura
loss of density of mandibular trabecular and cortical bone
Teeth may appear unsupported by bone.
which bone is first affected in hyperparathyroidism?
mandible
what are the 2 types of hyperparathyroidism?
primary (functional adenoma)
secondary (renal or nutritional)
briefly describe the pathophys for renal secondary hyperparathyroidism
- reabsorption of phosphate is impaired, which results in hyperphosphatemia.
- leads to a lower blood calcium concentration
- stimulates parathyroid gland
- Concurrent with this, synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the kidney is decreased
- leads to a decrease in intestinal calcium absorption and impaired mineralization of osteoid.
what are the 4 immune-mediated skin disease that have oral involvement?
mucous membrane pemphygoid
pemphigus vulgaris
erythema multiforme
lupus erythematosus
quickly name the characteristics of mucous membrane pemphygoid
destruction of basement membranes by antibodies
65% of cases have oral involvement
affects keratinized portions of the mouth
presents as vesicles
quickly name the characteristics of
pemphigus vulgaris
antibodies against desmoglein 3 in the basal cell layers
90% of cases have oral involvement
affects keratinized portions of the mouth
oral lesions occur before skin lesions in 50% of cases
presents as vesicles
quickly name the characteristics of
erythema multiforme
t-cells target keratinocytes
uncommon oral involvement
oral involvement presents as diffuse ulcerative stomatitis or glossitis
quickly name the characteristics of
lupus erythematosus
apoptosis of basal keratinocytes
affects keratinized oral epithelium
less common oral involvement
what muscles are affected by MMM and what do they have in common?
masseter, temporalis, pterygoids
innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
what is the gold standard for diagnosis of MMM?
type 2M fiber antibody detection
what does biopsy of MMM show?
lymphocytes and macrophages
