Diseases Of The Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What are the signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis?

Answer 1

Pain, redness, heat, chills, fever, tachycardia, nausea, weight loss

Question 2

How do you treat osteomyelitis?

Answer 2

Antibiotics, surgery

Question 3

What causes rickets?

Answer 3

Deficiency of vitamin D; such as milk and exposure to sunlight and causes bones to not ossify in childhood

Question 4

What are the symptoms and signs of rickets?

Answer 4

Deformations of bones, knock-knee, bowleg, curved spine, nodular swellings at rib ends and joints, enlarged and square head, flaccid muscles

Question 5

How do you treat rickets?

Answer 5

Vitamin D fortified milk, sunlight, cod liver oil

Question 6

What causes osteomalacia?

Answer 6

Caused by inadequate dietary vitamin D and dietary deficiency of calcium or phosphorus (in adults)

Question 7

What are the symptoms and signs of osteomalacia?

Answer 7

Muscular weakness, weight loss, pain in bones, deformation of bones, easily fractured bones

Question 8

How do you treat osteomalacia?

Answer 8

Vitamin D fortified milk, sunshine, cod liver oil, calcium and phosphorus supplements

Question 9

What causes osteoporosis?

Answer 9

Calcium deficiency, and decreased bone density

Question 10

What are the symptoms and signs of osteoporosis?

Answer 10

Decreased height from vertebral compression fractures, curvature of the spine, easily fractured bones

Question 11

How do you treat osteoporosis?

Answer 11

Pain relief, fracture treatment, some medical treatment.

Question 12

What is Paget’s disease?

Answer 12

Results in overproduction of bone, particularly in the skull, vertebrae, and pelvis.

Question 13

What causes Paget’s disease?

Answer 13

It is idiopathic, thought to be genetic

Question 14

What are the signs and symptoms of Paget’s disease?

Answer 14

Enlarged skull, nerve compression curvature is in spine, and deformed legs

Question 15

How do you treat Paget’s disease?

Answer 15

Surgical, though it is limited

Question 16

What causes bone tumors?

Answer 16

Idiopathic, commonly metastatic

Question 17

What are the signs and symptoms of bone tumors?

Answer 17

Painless lump in bone tissue, fracture without trauma

Question 18

How do you treat bone tumors?

Answer 18

Surgery

Question 19

Is a chronic debilitating autoimmune disease, is a systemic inflammatory disease that affects several joints in the surrounding muscles. Neutrophils are attracted to the joint space and cause destruction.

Answer 19

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 20

What are the symptoms and signs of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 20

Pain and stiffness in joints, swollen, red, warm joints, bilateral involvement, exacerbation and remission, rheumatoid nodules, crippling deformities, can affect ANY joints

Question 21

How do you treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 21

Mild exercise, anti-inflammatories, steroids

Question 22

What are the two different kinds of osteoarthritis?

Answer 22

Primary; occurs with normal aging, and secondary; is associated with joint injury, trauma, or obesity.

Question 23

What are the symptoms and signs of osteoarthritis?

Answer 23

Aches, pain, stiffness in joints, limited range of motion, muscle weakness around affected joint, enlarged joints, bone spurs; may involve only one joint

Question 24

How do you treat osteoarthritis?

Answer 24

Pain relief, mild exercise and rest, heat applications, steroids, surgery

Question 25

What causes gout?

Answer 25

Inherited defect in uric acid metabolism leads to higher levels of urate and uric acid deposition in joints. Sometimes follows a minor injury or excessive eating or drinking.

Question 26

What are the symptoms and signs of gout?

Answer 26

Severe pain, heat, swelling, redness in affected joint; acute onset

Question 27

How do you treat gout?

Answer 27

Analgesics, hot and cold compresses, colchicine, probenecid

Question 28

What causes septic arthritis?

Answer 28

Bacterial infection of a joint

Question 29

What are the signs and symptoms of septic arthritis?

Answer 29

Pain, redness, swelling, bone and joint destruction

Question 30

How do you treat septic arthritis?

Answer 30

Antibiotics

Question 31

What causes bursitis?

Answer 31

Overuse of a joint

Question 32

What are the signs and symptoms of bursitis?

Answer 32

Pain at a joint, especially during use

Question 33

How do you treat bursitis?

Answer 33

Moist heat, analgesics, steroids, rest

Question 34

What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 34

Repetitive use of the wrist causes compression of the nerve in the wrist

Question 35

What are the symptoms and signs of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 35

Numbness and tingling of hand, pain radiating to shoulder, limited finger movement, severe at night

Question 36

How do you treat carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 36

Splinting hand and wrist, surgery

Question 37

What causes muscular dystrophy?

Answer 37

Defect in X-linked gene for muscle protein dystrophin

Question 38

What are the signs and symptoms of muscular dystrophy?

Answer 38

Weakened muscles, muscles may enlarge as fat is deposited; muscles degenerate

Question 39

How do you treat muscular dystrophy?

Answer 39

Physical therapy, orthopedic procedures

Question 40

What causes myasthenia gravis?

Answer 40

An auto immune disease in which nerves fail to transmit an impulse for contraction of the muscles. Lack of stimulation and use leads to muscle atrophy and muscle weakness.

Question 41

What are the symptoms and signs of myasthenia gravis?

Answer 41

Fatigue, muscle paralysis

Question 42

How do you treat myasthenia gravis?

Answer 42

Thymectomy, anticholinesterase drugs, steroids, immune suppression

Question 43

What causes osteomyelitis?

Answer 43

An infection by staphylococci are carried by the blood to the bone from some other site in the body, such as infection adjacent to the bone.

Question 43

This disease occurs when bacteria spread to the bones from the lungs. Commonly affects areas at the ends of long bones and knees.

Answer 43

Tuberculosis of the bone

Question 44

What are the symptoms and signs of Pott's disease?

Answer 44

Tuberculosis of the vertebrae of children, leading to deformity and paralysis.

Question 45

What is myasthenia gravis primarily affecting?

Answer 45

Myoneural junction

Question 46

Review questions on page 434

Answer 46

FREEBEE

Question 47

Which endocrine gland has a direct impact on bone function?

Answer 47

Parathyroid